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CLS
Malaria
60
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Malaria Definite Host
Definition
Mosiquitos ingest gametocytes from host and undergoes maturation cycle. Injects sporozoites into host
Term
Malaria ( Life Cycle)
Definition
Mosiquito (female anopheline sp) Involved in sexual stage(sporogony)
Term
Malaria Human Host
Definition
Asexual cylce(schizongeny)
Term
Malaria species identification
Definition
appeareance of specific stages(trophozoites, merozoites and gametocytes) inside RBC and the appearance of the RBC
Term
Paroxysm three stages
Definition
cold, hot, and sweating stages
Term
Malaria clinical differentiation
Definition
This is done btw falciparum and non-falciparum
Term
Non falciparum species invade certain populations of RBC- so infected RBC are limitied
Definition
Falciparum species affects any RBC!! Death can occur within 3 days!
Term
Malaria- clinical significance
Definition
Chills, fever, splenomegalogy, anemia, circulatory changes Blackwater fever: dark urine due to massive hemoglobinuria
Term
P. vivax and P. ovale
Definition
Typically invade younger RBC reticulocytes. Paroxysm is 48 hours
Term
P. malariae
Definition
Invade older RBC! Paroxysm lasts 72 hours
Term
P. falciparum
Definition
invade any RBC!! paroxysm lasts 36-48 hrs
Term

Release of merozoites:

Can cause:

Definition
asynchronous- remitted fever synchronous- paroxysmal fever
Term
Relapse/recrudescence
Definition
Secondary attack from continuing development
Term
Diagnosis of Plasmodium parasite in thick and thin smears of periphreal blood
Definition
thick smears for detection, thin smears for identification
Term
Malaria staining is done by Giemsa
Definition
nucleus stains red, cytoplams-blue, vacuoles-clear, merozoites clump around hemoglobin-golden, malarial pigment will appear as stained dots througout RBC.
Term
P.vivax -Identification
Definition
Infected RBC -enlarged; Schuffners dots- usually present ;Trophozoite: amoeboid, vacuolated and spread out. multiple organisms in one cell may have dble chromatin Merozoites: mature schizont has 12 -18 merozoites
Term
P. malariae
Definition
Infected RBC are smaller; Schuffners dots not usually present(Ziemanns dots if present), organism tends to be compact not spread out. Merozoites: mature schizont has 6-12 merozoites Band form(trophozoite stretched across cell)
Term
P. Falciparum identification
Definition
Infected RBC normal size, may see 50% or more of RBC infected. Trophozoites- may only see ring form and gametocyte stages! RBC membranes becomes sticky in the infected cells and cells tend to adhere to endothial lining of capillaries of internal organs. Ring form tends to be on the periphery of RBC! Meozoites-mature schizont has 8-24 merozoites. Gametocytes- characteristic and diagnostic cresent or sauage shaped
Term
P. Ovale- identification
Definition
Infected cells are usually enlarged and oval. Typically may have irregular edges. Schuffners dots common! Trophozoites- same as P. vivax and P. malariae Merozoites- similar to P. Malariae 6-12 in the mature schizont
Term
Babesia (microti)
Definition
Transmitted by ticks. Malaria like illness therefore can be mistaken for malaria. Intaerythrocytic forms are similar to P. falciparum and is found in pairs and tetrads.
Term
Enterobius Vermicularis (pinworm)
Eggs
Definition
Female lives in intestine, transits anus at night.
she deposits her eggs on the perineum.
Lays upto 10,000
most frequent symptom is an itchy butt
Eggs transmitted orally and are resistant to drying so remain viable for days.
Takes about 1 month from ingestion of egg for female to lay her eggs
Life span of adult is 2 months
Term
Enterobius vermicularis- Morphology of adult
Definition
Male 2-5mm blunt tail
Female 8-13 mm pointed tail(pinworm)
Cuticle contails lateral alae with cephalic alae
Term
Enterobius Vermicularis morphology of egg
Definition
50-60 by 20-30um thick dble layered shell, flat on one side
Term
Enterobius Vermicularis-Diagnosis
Definition
Look for eggs and or adult worms. Eggs are not usually found in feces.
Do scotch tape test- no need to explain here, but must be done in the am prior to defecating or bathing.
Term
Trichuris Trichuris (whipworm)
Definition
Adults live in the intestine (threaded into the mucosa)
Produces a localized ulceration and hemorrhage. Can also cause a prolapse of colon or rectal mucosa through anus.
Term
Trichuris Trichuris-Eggs
Definition
Eggs are passed into the enviornment
eggs mature in 2 weeks time, and mature eggs are ingested. Females pass about 2,000 eggs daily
Term
Trichuris Trichuris- Lab diagnosis
Definition
Wet mount-looking for immature eggs.
Adults: 30-50mm (1) slender, thread like anterior portion ("whip"). (2) thick, posterior portion ("handle")
Eggs: 50-55 by 22-24um Barrel-shaped, bile stained , thcik shell and mucoid plugs at either end, unembryonated
Term
Ascaris lumbricoides- Adults
Definition
Adults are very large (6-12 inches)
with heavy infection of adult worms: abdominal pain, malabsorption, retarded growth, intestinal obstruction.
Adults tend to migrate to other areas of the body( appendix, bile duct, mouth, nose, ear)
Term
Ascaris lumbricoides-eggs
Definition
eggs are:passed into the soil, mature in about 3 weeks. When eggs are ingested they penetrate the intestinal mucosa,enter portal system,go to the heart and lung, get coughed up and swallowed. Ends back up in the intestine and grows to adult. If eggs are depostited in liver abcesses may appear.
Term
Ascaris lumbricoides pathogenicity related to hosts immune repose, larval migration effects and mechanical effect of adult worms and nutritional problems
Definition
Clinical signs from larvae lung involvement due to hypersensitivity-Occasional death from repiratory failure.
Term
Ascaris lumbricoides
Definition
larvae: 2mm by 75um
Eggs: fert: 45-75 by 35-50um, oval, thick shelled,bile stained, central zygote
unfertilized 85-95 by 43-47um thin shell, internal contents are a mass of highly refractive granules
Term
Anaskis
Definition
Fish version of ascaris, lifecycle involves marine mammals and fish! So infection comes from eating raw or undercooked fish and the ingestion of larval stage found in fish.
Term
Anaskis-Clinical
Definition
Symptoms evident with in hours upto 5 days and iclude nausea, vomiting, severe epigastric pain due to infestation of the larva embedded in gastric and intestinal mucosa
Term
Anaskis- Diagnosis
Definition
demonstration of larva(surgery, gastrscopy and vomitting) usually misdiagnosed
Term
Taxocara canis
Definition
Dog and cat version of ascaris
Term
Taxocara canis
Definition
Responsible for visceral larva migrans
Adult worm in dog or cat..eggs reach soil and Human ingest eggs. Larva from egg end up in tissue..do not have adult worm in humans
Term
Taxocara canis
Definition
Term
Taxocara canis
Definition
Severity is realted to the number and location of the lessions and the hosts degree of sensitization. The liver, lungs, skeletal muscle , brain and eyes are the areas most frequently involved.. death can occur!
Term
Taxocara canis-Diagnosis
Definition
Hard to confirm- May test eye fluid, most infections are sublcinical
Larvae: 300-400um by 15-20um
Eggs:(will not find in humans)
T. Canis: thick shell, markedly pitted surface(golf ball) 75-85-um
T. cati- slightly smaller, finely pitted surface
Term
Capillaria phillippinesis
Definition
Lives in small intestine
Found in Phillippines, Thailand, Japan, egypt, Iran
Term
Capillaria phillippinesis- Morphology
Definition
Adults: 2-4.5mm
Eggs:36- 45 by 21um Polar plugs( may be hard to see), striated shell, typically more rectangular that T. trichura
Term
Capillaria phillippinesis- Clinical
Definition
Humans get from eating larvae frm undercooked fresh water fish.
Adult worms produce an auto-infective cycle results in numerous organisms in the intestine.
Stools are numerous(5-10 per day), with large volkume and increased amount of fat.
Malabsorption syndrome and 20% death rate(pneumonis, heart failure, hypokalemia, cerebral edema)
infection lasts about 6-12 months.
Term
Caplilaria hepatica
Definition
Lives in Liver. Adult lives in rodent liver(1-4mo. Eggs get depostited onto tissue. Liver is eaten by another animal and eggs pass out into soil where the are embryonated and host aquires infection.
Term
Caplilaria hepatica-clinical
Definition
Difficult to diagnose as are eggs are trapped in the liver and are not passed into the feces. Liver biopsy may not be useful. symptoms invove the liver.
Term
Caplilaria hepatica-Morphology
Definition
Eggs 51-67 by 30-35um
Prominent striated shell, polar plugs.
Whens seen in feces, usually transient
Resembles T, trichurus
Term
Hookworm-Adults
Definition
Live attached to intestine and extract blood
Term
Hookworm-Eggs
Definition
Pass into the soil. Larva develop into rhabditiformlarva that into flariform larva
Term
Hookworm
Two organisms
Definition
Ancyclostoma duodenal
Necator americanus
Term
Ancyclostoma duodenal
Definition
"old world" Europe, Africa, CHina, Japan, India
Term
Necator americananus
Definition
"new world" western hemisphere Africa, South pacific, India
Term
Hookworms
Definition
contact with the skin, flariform larva penetrate the epidermis, travel via the lymph system to the heart and then to lungs. They get coughed up and then swallowed and mature in the intestine.
Term
Hookworm-clinical
Definition
"ground itch" at site of penetration
minor lung involvement
Intestinal disturbances
Acute infections: nausea, vomitting, fatigue, diarrhea,blood loss (.03-.20 ml per day/worm
Chronic Infection: iron defecient anemia
May have intense disire to eat dirt.
Term
Hookworm-diagnosis
Definition
Identification of eggs in feces( adults remain attached to intestine) and hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Term
Hookworm-Morphology Egg
Definition
Identical for both genera smooth thin shell
Term
Hookworm-Morphology Egg
Definition
Identical for both genera smooth thin shell
Term
Hookworm-Morphology larvae
Definition
Same in both genera
rhabditiform: 250-300 by 15-20um Long buccal canal,genital primordium small
Filariform: pointed tail, sheathed
Term
Hookworm infective, first and third stages
Definition
infective stage:flariform larvae
first stage larvae: rhabditiform(free-living, non infective
Third stage: filariform (non-feeding, infective)
Term
Ancylostoma braziliensis
Definition
Found in dogs and cats as well as other species.
Found in tropics and subtropics, but also in the SE part of USA. Source of most infections are from sandy soil, sand boxes and beaches
Term
Ancylostoma braziliensis-Clinical
Definition
Sever itching, creeping eruption occurs aling the tract the larva is traveling within the epidermis. Larva can travel cm a day, may get secodary bacterial infection from scratching
Term
Ancylostoma braziliensis simialr to hook worm excetp filariform laravae does not develop beyond deep layers of the epidermis and life cycle does not complete in humans
Definition
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