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CLPH Exam I
Dermatologic Bases
39
Pharmacology
Professional
09/29/2011

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Cards

Term
When to Refer at patient to MD
Definition
multiple or extensive burns

human or animal bites

multiple or extensive cuts, bruises, or abrasions

rash that is extensive, weeping, or infected

tumors or growths

yellow skin

deep infection (cellulitis)

large blisters of unknown origin
Term
Vehicles for derm products
Definition
ointment

cream

lotion

gel

solution/spray
Term
Ointments
Definition
semi-solid preparations intended for external application to skin and mucous membranes
Term
4 classes of ointments
Definition
1. hydrocarbon
2. absorption
3. water-removable
4. water-soluble
Term
Creams
Definition
ointment bases of the water-removable class

consisting of oil-in-water emulsions or aqueous microcrystalline dispersions of long fatty acids or alcohols

water washable and more cosmetically and aesthetically acceptable than ointments

lotions are basically watered down creams
Term
Gels
Definition
semi-solid systems consisting either of suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
Term
Properties of Ointments
Definition
Emollients - softens the skin, soothes irritation in skin or mucous membranes

Protective - protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful or annoying stimuli

Occlusive - promotes retention of water in the skin, forms a hydrophobic barrier that prevents moisture in the skin from evaporating

Humectant - causes water to be retained because of its hygroscopic properies
Term
Uses of Ointments
Definition
protect skin or mucous membrane

permit rejuvenation of tissue

provide hydration of the skin

provide a vehicle for applying a medication
Term
Examples of drugs delivered via ointments
Definition
can be a local or systemic effect

antibiotic

anti-fungal

corticosteroids

retinoids

nitroglycerin

analgesics
Term
Choosing a Base
Definition
Consider:
-condition of the skin
-desired effect from the base
-area of application
-nature of the incorporated medicine (bioavailability, stability, compatibility)
Term
Ointments (advantages/disadvantages/preferred area of use)
Definition
Advantages:
-hydrates
-removes scales
-greatest bioavailability of the active ingredient

Disadvantages:
-greasy

Preferred area of use:
-smooth skin with short/sparse hair
Term
Creams (advantages/disadvantages/preferred area of use)
Definition
Advantages:
-good cosmetic appearance
-high patient acceptance

Disadvantages:
-not as hydrating as ointments

Preferred area of use:
-smooth or hair-bearing skin
-intertriginous areas
Term
Gel (advantages/disadvantages/preferred area of use)
Definition
Advantages:
-non-greasy
-easy to apply to hairy areas
-high patient acceptance

Disadvantages:
-drying

Preferred area of use:
-hairy areas
Term
Lotions, Solutions, Sprays (advantages/disadvantages/preferred area of use)
Definition
Advantages:
-easy to apply to hairy areas (scalp)
-high patient acceptance

Disadvantages:
-drying
-lower bioavailability

Preferred area of use:
-intertiginous and hair-bearing skin, face
Term
Oleaginous Bases
Definition
white petrolatum

Vaseline

Plastibase

Absorbs no water
Not water washable - soap required
Term
Absorption Bases
Definition
Aquaphor

Aquabase

Polysorb

Can absorb several times its weight in water
not water washable - soap required
Term
Water-in-oil emulsion bases
Definition
Nivea

Eucerin

Hydrocerin

absorbs less water than absorption bases
not water washable - soap required
Term
Oil-in-water emulsion bases
Definition
Hydrophilic ointment

Dermabase

Hydrocerin

Unibase

Cetaphil lotion

Vanicream

Water washable
Add water = lotion
Term
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Definition
water washable base

minimal therapeutic effect

primarily used for drug delivery
Term
Gels
Definition
Methylcelluose gel liqua-gel carbomer gel poloxamer gel water washable accepts water
Term
macule
Definition
[image]
Term
papule
Definition
[image]
Term
vesicle
Definition
[image]
Term
bulla
Definition
[image]
Term
pustule
Definition
[image]
Term
patch
Definition
[image]
Term
plaque
Definition
[image]
Term
nodule
Definition
[image]
Term
tumor
Definition
[image]
Term
wheal
Definition
[image]
Term
scale
Definition
[image]
Term
crust
Definition
[image]
Term
keloid
Definition
[image]
Term
erosion
Definition
[image]
Term
ulcer
Definition
[image]
Term
excoriation
Definition
[image]
Term
fissure
Definition
[image]
Term
cherry angioma
Definition
[image]
Term
petechiae
Definition
[image]
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