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Clinical Pathology II
Exam #1
128
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
02/24/2013

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Cards

Term
What % of blood cells changed out daily?
Definition
1%
Term
What unit of measure is Mean Corpuscular Volume measured in?
Definition
Femtoliters
Term
What're young RBC's?
Definition
Reticulocytes
Term
What types of reticulocytes are in cats?
Definition
Aggregate and punctate
Term
What type of reticulocytes are in dogs?
Definition
Aggregate
Term
Why are punctate not counted to diagnose problems in cats?
Definition
They stay in circulation for 2-3 weeks
Term
How long are dog RBC's in circulation?
Definition
110 days
Term
How long are RBCs in cat's circulation?
Definition
70 days
Term
What is oxidized damaged hemoglobin?
Definition
Methemaglobin
Term
What kind anemia causes decreased oxygen carrying capacity?
Definition
Methmaglobin anemia
Term
What's the most common type of immature red blood cells seen in smears?
Definition
Metarubricyte
Term
What causes basophilic stippling in RBCs?
Definition
Residual RNA
Term
What's the hallmark finding of hemolytic autoimmune anemia?
Definition
Spherocytes
Term
What speed and duration are PCV spun at?
Definition
2000 RPM for 10 minutes
Term
What can brown serum indicate?
Definition
Methmaglobin and tylenol toxicity
Term
What blood tube has heparin in it?
Definition
Green top tube
Term
What color is icteric serum?
Definition
Yellow
Term
What hematology analyzer counts cells as tthey pass through an electrical field?
Definition
Impedence
Term
What're the 3 hematology analyzers?
Definition
Impedence, Qualitative Buffy Coat (QBC), and Laser Hematology Analyzer
Term
What Laser Hematology Analyzer is used at DMACC?
Definition
LaserCyte
Term
How often should stains be changed out?
Definition
Every 2 weeks
Term
What 3 things are measured by a CBC?
Definition
RBC's, WBC's, and platelets
Term
What are the 4 components of a leukogram?
Definition
RBC Morphology, WBC differential, platelet estimate, and separating WBC's
Term
What are the 4 erythrocyte morphology catergories?
Definition
Size, arrangement, color, shape
Term
What's the most common anticoagulant?
Definition
EDTA
Term
What does EDTA stand for?
Definition
Ethylene diamine triacetic acid
Term
What's the 1st step in clinical evaluation
Definition
Label sample
Term
What are the 3 erythrocyte parameters that are measured?
Definition
Measures size of RBCs, RBC count, and hemaglobin
Term
What could affect RBC counts by impedence, because it could count it as an RBC?
Definition
Megakaryocytes
Term
What's a process where RBCs are evaluated?
Definition
CBC
Term
How close should answers be to the actual values in a CBC?
Definition
Within 10%
Term
What's in the buffy coat?
Definition
WBCs and platelets
Term
What are WBC and RBC counts measured in?
Definition
cells/microliter of blood
Term
What 5 things are found in the feathered edge?
Definition
Clumped platelets, microfilaria, atypical cells, large cells, and inappropriate monos and eos
Term
What does no mono layer =
Definition
No feathered edge
Term
What's the test for regenerative and nonregenerative anemia?
Definition
Reticulocyte count
Term
What's used to test for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Definition
Combs test
Term
What 5 things are on a CBC?
Definition
PCV, TP,WBC, Differential: Platelet estimate, types of WBCs. and RBC morphology
Term
What are WBC counts measured in?
Definition
WBCs/microliter of blood
Term
What is PCV measured in?
Definition
%
Term
What is TP measured in?
Definition
g/dL
Term
What are platelet estimates measured in?
Definition
#/hpf
Term
What are small round organisms at the edge of RBC's, which are typically seen secondary to chronic infections such as feline leukemia?
Definition
Hemobartonella/mycoplasma
Term
What tick-transmitted parasite is tear-shaped?
Definition
Babesia
Term
What do basophilic stippling, foaminess, or dohle bodies indicate?
Definition
Toxic changes
Term
What's the order of RBC maturation?
Definition
Rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocyte, and erythrocyte
Term
What 4 places do hematopoeisis take place in prenatal animals?
Definition
Liver, spleen, thymus, and red bone marrow
Term
Where are RBCs formed in adult animals?
Definition
Red bone marrow and liver & spleen in times of stress
Term
T/F All components of hematopoeisis begin from the same stem cell?
Definition
True
Term
What help differentiate stem cells?
Definition
Cytokines
Term
What does each hemaglobin molecule contain?
Definition
4 molecules of heme, 1 atom of iron, and 1 molecule of globulin
Term
What WBC's primary function is defense against bacterial disease?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
What are the 4 pools where neutrophils are found?
Definition
Proliferation, maturation/storage, circulating, and marginal
Term
Where are marginal neutrophils found?
Definition
the vessels until needed in tissues
Term
What 5 things are eos involved in?
Definition
Parasitic infections, fungal diseases, protozoal diseases, allergies, and immune complex disease
Term
T/F There are very few monocytes in normal animals.
Definition
False, eosinophils
Term
Whats primary function is to migrate to tissues to become macrophages?
Definition
Monocytes
Term
What help with tissue repair, regulation of immune response, and iron recycling in the spleen?
Definition
Macrophages
Term
When do monocyte numbers increase in the dog?
Definition
Chronic inflammation and stress of dog
Term
What's the 2nd most common WBC?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
What's the most common ruminant WBC?
Definition
Lymphocyte
Term
What lymphocytes are responsible for for antibodies?
Definition
B-lymphocytes
Term
What lymphocytes are responsible for regulation of immune response aka cell-mediated immunity?
Definition
T-lymphocytes
Term
What're 3 characteristics of reactive lymphs?
Definition
Larger, basophilic cytoplasm, and prominent nucleolus in nuclei
Term
What circulates in and out of lymph organs to look for foreign antigens or infectious agents?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
What're 2 characteristics of toxic WBC as a result of blood infections?
Definition
Larger and less dense cells and more "monocytes" than usual
Term
What are spherocytes aka?
Definition
microcytes
Term
What are crenated RBCs aka?
Definition
Echinocytes
Term
Burr or crenated cells: What are more elongated?
Definition
Burr cells
Term
What's an RBC called with no central pallor?
Definition
Hyperchromic
Term
What is often seen in lead toxicity?
Definition
Basophilic stippling
Term
When are #s used in blood smears?
Definition
In anisocytosis
Term
What's cool about Rouleaux arrangement?
Definition
Roleaux completley covers slide
Term
What's a sure sign of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Definition
Autoagglutination
Term
What's the TP procedure?
Definition
Break tube just above buffy coat, blow plasma onto refractometer, check for glass fragments, close cover & read, read where blue meets white
Term
What uses a hemacytometer to see the results?
Definition
The Leuko-tic system
Term
What's the Leuko-tic procedure?
Definition
Mix sample (purple top tube), with holder, insert capillary tube into blood and fill completley, wipe excess blood from tube, plaace end of capillary tube into vial and shake well until all blood is out of tube, shake vial, and fill large tube 1/2 full, fill hemocytometer, count squares and multiply by 50, and make sure both sides are within 90% of each other
Term
What power do you read blood smears on?
Definition
100x
Term
What do MCV, MCHC, MCH, and RDW demonstrate?
Definition
Anisocytosis
Term
What does MCV stand for?
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Volume
Term
What's the main cause of an increased MCV?
Definition
Reticulocytes
Term
What causes a decreased MCV?
Definition
Iron deficiency
Term
What shunts result in microcytosis?
Definition
Portosystemic venous shunts
Term
What breed is famous for having microcytosis?
Definition
Akitas
Term
What breed do macrocytoses occur in?
Definition
Poodles
Term
What type of cats frequently have macrocytosis?
Definition
FeLV infected
Term
What's MCHC stand for?
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
Term
What does MCV measure?
Definition
Size
Term
What does MCHC measure?
Definition
Color
Term
What's MCHC measured in?
Definition
g/dL
Term
Increases MCHC is almost always the result of what?
Definition
In vivo or in vitro hemolysis
Term
T/F The MCHC may be decreased in reticulocytosis.
Definition
True
Term
T/F Increased amts of hemaglobin can be put into cells.
Definition
False
Term
What's MCH stand for?
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Term
What does MCH measure?
Definition
Shape
Term
What's the unit of measure of MCH?
Definition
Picograms
Term
What are ALL the components of a CBC?
Definition
PCV, T.P., WBC, Differential: Types of WBC, platelet estimate, RBC morphology: size, shape, color, arrangement
Term
What's the unit of measure for T.P.?
Definition
g/100ml
Term
What do you use to do a differential WBC count?
Definition
Hemacytometer and Leuko-tic system
Term
What's the unit of measire for WBC counts?
Definition
leukocytes/cu mm or leukocytes/u
Term
What does a normal MCHC indicate?
Definition
Normochromasia
Term
What does a decreased MCHC indicate?
Definition
hypochromasia
Term
What do MCV, MCH, MCHC indicate?
Definition
Size and hemaglobin content of RBCs
Term
What's decreased RBC anemia that is common?
Definition
Absolute anemia
Term
What is expanded plasma volume anemia, that is rare, and can occur in excessive fluid therapy and pregnancy?
Definition
Relative anemia
Term
Polychromasia, basophilic stippling, inc. reticulocytes, and aggregate reticulocytes in cats represent what type of anemia?
Definition
Regenerative anemia
Term
What type of cells are seen in immune-mediated anemia?
Definition
Spherocytes
Term
What's the order of erythropoeisis?
Definition
Rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocyte, RBC
Term
What's the unit of measure of MCV?
Definition
femtoliters (fl)
Term
Why is the MCHC lower with reticulocytosis?
Definition
Reticulocytes aren't the same red color as erythrocytes, and they can't carry as much hemaglobin
Term
What is the preferred method of blood collection?
Definition
Vacutainer
Term
If a patient is dehydrated what will happen to its PCV and TP?
Definition
Increase PCV, increase TP
Term
What are 2 causes of Heinz bodies in a cat?
Definition
Onion toxicity or tylenol
Term
What does polycythemia mean?
Definition
Increase in RBC mass
Term
A ____ MCV and ____ MCHC are excellent indicators of regenerative anemia.
Definition
high, low
Term
T/F Plasma color and transparency should be recorded when evaluating a hemacrit tube.
Definition
True
Term
How are absolute values calculated when performing a differential on a CBC?
Definition
# of WBCs x %
Term
Wgat is the term for a counting chamber of cells / microliter?
Definition
Hemacytometer
Term
What's a left shift?
Definition
Increase in band neutrophils
Term
What's the average size of a canine RBC?
Definition
7 microns
Term
What cells does the buffy coat contain?
Definition
Platelets and WBCs
Term
What's the best anticoagulant?
Definition
EDTA
Term
What's Evan's syndrome?
Definition
Autoimmune mediated hemolytic anemia & thrombocytopenia
Term
What're all the types of cells that can be counted on a hemacytometer?
Definition
WBCS, RBCs, and platelets
Term
What's the most common cause of seeing a reactive lymph?
Definition
Antigen rxns
Term
What's the most common NRBC seen on a differential?
Definition
Metarubricyte
Term
What's a normal cat WBC count?
Definition
5,500-19,500 microliters
Term
What's a PCV reference range of a cat?
Definition
30-45%
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