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Clinical Neuro
Disease of Peripheral Nerves & Muscles
30
Biology
Graduate
01/09/2008

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Cards

Term
What are Neuropathies?
Definition
Refers to disorders of the peripheral nerves and can be sensory, motor, autonomic or a combination
Term
What's the most common neurological condition that adversely affects quality of life in the patients
Definition
Neuropathies
Term
What are some environmental factors that cause neuropathies
Definition
typing causes carpotunnel and being a musican
Term
What are some causes of neuropathy
Definition
1. Trauma: repetitive use
2. Infections: Leprosy, virus
3. Neoplasms: Paraneoplastic
4. Stroke
5. Toxins
Term
What's a genetic cause of neuropathy
Definition
Charcot-Marie-Tooth that is related to formation of myelin and integrity of ion channels
Term
Most diabetic neuropathy is what?
Definition
Somatic, distal polyneuropathy
Term
What are other presentations of Diabetic Neuropathy besides the sensory deficits
Definition
Autonomic neuropathy like dizziness when standing up and losing ones balance
Term
What are the clinical presentations of Diabetic neuropathy?
Definition
Numbness and burning aching pain
The pattern is distal symmetrical in a stocking and glove distrubution and progresses towards the torso
Term
What is the area in diabetic neuropathy that is spared?
Definition
the back
Term
What's the clinical presentation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Definition
Orthostatic hypotension: Unable to regulate BP, heart rate and breathing w/ different posture
Decrease sweating and GI problems
Term
Diabetic Mononeuropathy affects one large nerve which one?
Definition
Femoral nerve causing pain, numbness and weakness
Term
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of what? It's also a manifestation of?
Definition
small vessel disease: arterioles, vasa-nervosum
Manifestation of small strokes along the nerves
Term
What's the treatment for diabetic neuropathy
Definition
Keep the limb moving to allow blood to circulate and create new vessels
Remove risk factors like smoking and HTN
control sugar levels
Term
What is inflammatory neuropathy?
Definition
Dysfunction of the peripheral nerves caused by inflammation and autoimmune attack
Term
What's an example of Inflammatory neuropathy?
Definition
Guillaine-Barre syndrome
Term
What's the age perference for Inflammatory neuropathy?
Definition
there is none
Term
When do most inflammatory neuropathy occur
Definition
after an infection, surgery, vaccination
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of inflammatory neuropathy
Definition
1. Weakness is the main symptom
2. Pattern is ascending
3. Loss of reflexes
Term
What's the prognosis for Inflammatory neuropathy? How about for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy?
Definition
80% recover and the chronic form is a slow progression
Term
give the pathophysiology of inflammatory neuropathy
Definition
1. Immune attack against myelin associated glycoproteins or axonal glycoproteins
2. Molecule mimicy is likely involved
Term
Give the management of Inflammatory neuropathy
Definition
Supportive care, physical therapy and rehab
Term
What is Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis
Definition
Lou gehris disease
It's a disease of the Lower motor neurons, but can affect UMN
Term
What age groups are you most likely to see ALS
Definition
4th decade and life expectancy is 5 to 10 years
Term
this is a progressive autoimmune disease that is due to antibodies generated against AcH receptors in the NMJ
Definition
Myasthenia gravis
Term
What are the clinical presentation of Myasthenia gravis
Definition
Weakness in the proximal limbs, weakness in the ocular a must
Dramatic fluctuation over a short period of time
Fatigue due to exercise
Term
Give the symptoms of Myasthenia gravis
Definition
Ptosis and diplopia in 2/3 of the patients
Difficulty swallowing, chewing and talking
10% experience weakness in a muscle group like the neck or fingers
Term
What are excacerbating factors of Myasthenia gravis
Definition
Physical stress
Infections
Metabolic like hypothyroidism
Drugs: Muscle relaxers, anesthetics
Term
Antibodies in Myasthenia gravis are against what region of Ach R? What kind of antibodies are they?
Definition
IgG in the immunogenic region
Term
can MG be transfered?
Definition
Yes, due to lymphocytes
Term
What happens to the receptors in MG when antibodies are attached to them?
Definition
The receptors get internalized and degraded. The NMJ becomes flat and loses efficency of transmission
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