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Clinical Neuro
Traumatic Brain Injury
33
Biology
Graduate
01/10/2008

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Cards

Term
What are the 4 kinds of brain bleeds?
Definition

Subdural

Subarachnoid

Epidural

Intracerebral

Term
What are the two kinds of head injury
Definition
Open head and closed head injury
Term
What is a open head injury?
Definition
Breach of the skull like a gunshot wound
Term
Describe a close head injury
Definition
It's a brain injury due to accleration/decelaeration of the head at velocity > 25 mph, the skull is not breached
Term
Name the 4 types of brain injuries
Definition
1. Contusion
2. Laceration
3. Diffuse axonal injury
4. Concussion
Term
Define contusion
Definition
Brusing of the brain due to impact on a hard surface of the dura and skull
Term
What would you call a direct wounding of the brain
Definition
Laceration
Term
How would you get a diffuse axonal injury?
Definition
Acceleration/deceleration or rotational torque causes shearing of the axons
Term
If you have brain injury w/out the anatomical correlates that would be
Definition
A concussion
Term
A closed head injury can cause a number of clinical symptoms name some
Definition
1. Coma
2. Sensory and motor deficits
3. Epilespy
4. Headache
5. Sleep disturbances
Term
A subdural bleed is due to which venous? Where is the bleed at?
Definition
Bridging veins, the bleeds is in the subdural space
Term
What's the most common cause of a subdural bleed? What age group is it most common in
Definition
Trauma
elderly
Term
How does a acute subdural bleed look like in a CT Scan
Definition
Like a pancake
Term
A subarachnoid bleed is due to which vessel? It occurs between which structures?
Definition

Middle Cerebral Artery (can be due to berry anuerysm)

Dura mater and the brain

Term
The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is ______. What are the other causes
Definition
trauma
Aneurysms and other malformations
Term
What's a epidural bleed?
Definition
an arterial bleed from the meningeal arteries, that bleeds on to the top of the brain
Term
The cause of a epidural bleed is due to trauma to what area? In what group is it more common in?
Definition
Parietal bone causing the middle meningeal artery to bleed.
Young people
Term
If you got a lens shaped bleed on a CT Scan what kind is it?
Definition
Epidural
Term
Where is the bleed in a intra cerebral bleed?
Definition
Brain parenchyma
Term
What are the causes of a intra cerebral bleed?
Definition
HTN, AVM, tumors, occasional trauma and brain contusion
Term
What age group are intra cerebral bleeds more common in
Definition
any age group
Term
A subdural bleed can lead to ischema in that region of the brain causing _____
Definition
seizures
Term
How would you treat a subdural bleed?
Definition
If it's small leave it alone
Term
What would you treat a subarchnoid bleed?
Definition
if it's small do nothing, if it's large there's nothing you can do
Term
What's primary brain damage?
Definition
it occurs at the moment of impact/trauma, it occurs mostly in the temporal and frontal lobes
Term
when does secondary brain damage occur
Definition
Later after primary brain damage and may be preventable
Term
If you get edema in secondary brain damage, what events follow?
Definition
increase intracranial pressure leading to decrease brain perfusion and hypoxia/ischema causing hypotension, infection, seizures
Term
Increased ICP interfers w/ CSF flow leading to
Definition
more increase in pressure
Term
Tertiary insults occur in the lesion ______ because of _____
Definition
penumbra
apoptosis, the damged cells commit suicide
Term
Traumatic brain injury leads to
Definition
coma, morbidity related to size and location of damaged area, epilepsy
Term
What's the most common form of closed head injury
Definition
Concussion
Term
What are the symptoms of Post concussion syndrome
Definition
1. Head is most common
2. Loss of memory
3. Loss of concentration
4. Depression
5. Change of personality
Term
The effects of concussions are _______
Definition
Cumulative
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