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Clinical Assessment
N/A
91
Medical
Graduate
10/03/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Large blood pressure cuff...
Definition
Abnormally low blood pressure reading
Term
Small blood pressure cuff...
Definition
Abnormally high blood pressure reading
Term
Highest measured body temperature
Definition
rectal
Term
Lowest measure of body temperature
Definition
axilla
Term
Hyperventilation
Definition
Rapid and deep breaths
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Rapid and shallow breaths
Term
Bradypnea
Definition
slow breaths
Term
Hypoventilation
Definition
Slow and shallow breaths
Term
Melanoma ABCD
Definition
A: asymmetry
B: borders
C: color variance
D: diameter > 6 mm
Term
Causes of central cyanosis (lips, oral mucosa, tongue)
Definition
advanced lung disease, congential heart disease, hemoglobinopathies
Term
Decreased mobility
Definition
Scleroderma
Term
Alopecia
Definition
patchy, diffuse, or total hair loss (hypothyroidism)
Term
Decreased turgor
Definition
dehydration
Term
Macule
Definition
Small flat spot of a different color, < 1 cm
Term
Patch
Definition
Flat spot of same or different color, > 1 cm
Term
Papule
Definition
Raised spot of same or different color, < 1 cm
Term
Plaque
Definition
Raised spot of same or different color, > 1 cm
Term
Wheal
Definition
red, localized skin edema (hive)
Term
Nodule
Definition
Raised from below the skin, > 0.5 cm
Term
Cyst
Definition
Nodule filled with fluid
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Raised fluid filled lesion, < 1 cm
Term
Bulla
Definition
Raised fluid filled lesion, > 1 cm
Term
Pustule
Definition
Filled with pus
Term
Scale
Definition
thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis
Term
Scar
Definition
fibrous connective tissue
Term
Crust
Definition
dried residue of exudate
Term
Ulcer
Definition
exfoliated skin down to dermis that bleeds or scars
Term
Fissure
Definition
Linear crack in skin
Term
Erosion
Definition
non scarring loss of epidermis, does not bleed
Term
Excoriation
Definition
erosions caused by scratching
Term
Spider Angioma
Definition
small, fiery red from liver disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency
Term
Spider Vein
Definition
small bluish, appears with varicose veins
Term
Cherry Angioma
Definition
small, bright ruby red, flat mark that appears with aging
Term
Petechia/Purpura
Definition
deep red or bluish purple, blood outside of the vessels, may suggest bleeding disorder
Term
Ecchymosis
Definition

purple or bluish purple fading to green, yellow, brown
blood outside vessels secondary to trauma, bruise

bleeding disorders

Term
Actinic Keratosis
Definition

superficial flat papules covered by dry scale

round or irregular

pink, tan, gray

may develop into squamous cell carcinoma

face, hand

Term
Seborrheic Keratosis
Definition

common, benign, yellow to brown raised lesions

slightly greasy, velvety, warty

older individuals

 

Term
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Definition

malignant, no mets

slow grower

fair skinned adults > 40 yo

face

translucent nodules

 

Term
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition

may develop from actinic keratosis

grows quickly

firm, red

fair skinned adults > 60 yo

can be dangerous

Term
Benign Nevus
Definition
mole
Term
Malignant Melanoma
Definition

changing nevi

ABCD

Term
Primary headaches
Definition

no identifiable underlying cause

Migraines

Tension

Cluster

Term
Secondary Headaches
Definition

arise from other conditions

analgesic rebound

errors of refraction

acute glaucoma

sinusitis

subarachnoid hemorrhage

meningitis

brain tumor

cranial neuralgia

Term
Myopia
Definition

nearsightedness

the image converges before the retina

Term
Hyperopia
Definition

farsightedness

image converges past the retina

Term
presbyopia
Definition
loss of accomodation associated with age
Term
Homoymous hemianopsia
Definition

Loss of vision in the same visual field in both eyes (R or L)

indicated a lesion on opposite optic tract or radiation

Term
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Definition

Loss of vision in opposite visual fields in each eye

lesion on optic chiasm such that the nerve fibers crossing are damaged and temporal vision is obstructed

Term
Quadrantic defects
Definition
lesion on part of the optic radiation
Term
Unilateral anopsia
Definition
Complete blindness in one eye due to lesion on optic nerve of that same eye, or a retinal problem
Term
Blepharitis
Definition
inflammation of eyelids
Term
papilledema
Definition
bulging optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure
Term
glaucoma
Definition
increased intraocular pressure
Term
macular degeneration
Definition
decreased central vision
Term
myadriasis
Definition
dilated pupil
Term
mioisis
Definition
constricted pupil
Term
exophthalmos
Definition
bulging eyeball
Term
Migraines
Definition

with/out aura

primary neuronal dysfunction causing inbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

often unilateral but can be bilateral

throbbing, aching

4-72 hours

nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, aura

Term
Tension Headaches
Definition

muscle contraction of vasoconstriction

usually bilateral (frontotemporal)

pressing or tightening pain

minutes-days

no nausea

Term
Cluster Headaches
Definition

extracranial vasodilation from neural dysfunction

unilateral, usually behind/around eye

up to 3 hours

very episodic

lacrimation, rhinorrhea, mioisis, ptosis, edema

Term
Vertigo
Definition

spinning sensation

nystagmus

ataxia

peripheral vestibular function

Term
Presyncope dizziness
Definition

near faint

orthostatic hypotension

medication, arrhythmia

vasovagal attack

Term
dysequilibrium
Definition

unsteadiness or inbalance while walking

visual loss

MSK problems

peripheral neuropathy

Term
psychiatric
Definition

anxiety

panic disorder

hyperventilation

depression

somatization disorder

 

Term
Meniere's Disease
Definition

Sudden onset peripheral vertigo

sensorineural hearing loss

tinnitus

pressure and fullness in affected ear

nausea

vomiting

nystagmus

Term
ptosis
Definition
drooping of upper lid
Term
entropion
Definition
inverted eyelid
Term
ectropion
Definition
everted eyelid (exposing palpebral conjunctiva)
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition

diffuse dilatation of conjunctival vessels

redness

watery, mucoid, mucopurulent exudate

 

Term
subconjunctival hemorrhage
Definition

leakage of blood outside of vessel

sharply demarcated red area

benign

Term
corneal injury/infection
Definition

ciliary injection

diffuse redness

watery or purulent exudate

pupil not affected

Term
acute iritis
Definition

ciliary injection

diffuse redness

decreased vision

irregular pupil

systemic disorders

Term
cataracts
Definition

opacity of lens visible through pupil

nuclear (gray) or peripheral

Term
corneal scar
Definition
superficial white opacity of cornea secondary to old injury or inflammation
Term
corneal arcus
Definition

think grayish white arc near edge of cornea

often in African Americans

hyperlipoproteinemia

benign

Term
Tonic Pupil (Adie's pupil)
Definition

large, irregular, unilateral

reaction to light is reduced

near reaction is slow

blurred vision

deep tendon reflexes decreased

Term
Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis
Definition

dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort

ptosis of upper lid

lateral deviation of eye

Term
Horner's Syndrome
Definition

small pupil but reacts to light and near effort

ptosis of lid

sweating

involved iris is lighter

Term
Argyll Robertson pupil
Definition

small irregular pupils that accomodate but do not react to light

CNS syphilis

Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of pericardium around the heart
Term
costochondritis
Definition
inflammation of costal cartilages of ribs
Term
stidor
Definition
inspiratory wheeze that indicates mechanical airway obstruction
Term
crackles/rales
Definition
discontinuous adventitious scratchy sound that indicates fluid in alevoi and interstitial spaces
Term
wheezes
Definition
continuous higher pitched whistling indicating bronchoconstriction
Term
rhonchi
Definition
continuous low pitched gurgling sound indicating secretions collecting in larger airways
Term
bronchophony
Definition
increased volume and clarity of "99"
Term
egophony
Definition
increased volume and change of EE to AA
Term
whispered pectoriloquy
Definition
increased volume and clarity of whispered 1-2-3
Term
pleural effusion
Definition

fluid in pleural cavity

dullness

higher level of diaphragmatic excursion

Term
fibrosis
Definition
pleural thickening
Term
pneumothorax
Definition

air in pleural space

hyperresonance

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