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Clinical 2
N/A
30
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
01/28/2015

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Aury Rivas
Definition
Becca's best friend at Mount Ida College
Term
when and where are subcutaneous fluids good to give?
Definition
not severe, maintenance
takes 6-8 hours to absorb
given over the shoulder blades
Term
things not to do with subcutaneous fluids
Definition
do not over-fill
no hypertonic or irritating fluids
no fluids with dextrose above 2.5%
dextrose above 2.5% can cause sloughing or abscess
Term
how much fluid can they generally give subcutaneously?
Definition
50-100% of daily needs, depending on size of animal and amount of loose skin
Term
when do you use the oral route for fluid administration?
Definition
practical as long as the animal will drink it. the animal may be too dehydrated
absorbtion is slow!
Term
when don't you use the oral route for fluid administration?
Definition
vomiting
severe disorders such as gastrointestinal, or introperitoneal
uncommon
can cause peritonitis
Term
when do you use intraosseous?
Definition
no venous access
pediatics
exotics
Term
what bones do you use for intraosseous injections?
Definition
femur
ilium
humerous
Term
how do you give intraosseus injetions?
Definition
with a intraosseous needle, spinal needle
slow fluid rate because of limited area within the bone
Term
is intraosseus injections a sterile technique?
Definition
yes! want to prevent osteomyelitis
Term
what is another name for intraosseous fluid injections?
Definition
intramedullary
Term
how does an animal get water?
Definition
drink it
ingest it in food
water from the metabolism of food
Term
how does an animal loose water?
Definition
urine
fecal
sweat (horses)
respiration (dogs
Term
what is sensible loss?
Definition
measurable losses
ex.: Urine
Term
what is insensible loss?
Definition
loss that cannot be easily measured
ex.: fecal and respiratory losses
Term
what can happen with decreased fluid intake?
Definition
Anorexia, diarrhea
Term
what can happen with increased fluid loss?
Definition
diarrhea
vomiting
ployuria
hemorrhage
burns
Term
what is fluid maintenance?
Definition
amount of fluid required to sustain the body on a daily basis
daily intake = daily loss
Term
what is the normal daily loss?
Definition
40-80 mg/kg/day
sensible plus insensible
higher for smaller patients, lower for larger patients
Term
what is rehydration?
Definition
the amount of fluids needed to return a dehydrated animal to normal hydration
Term
what are the on-going losses?
Definition
fluid loss due to vomiting and diarrhea
Term
how to determine the amount of fluid loss:
Definition
estimate the amount you see, double it
Term
what does the fluid tell you about the ongoing losses?
Definition
History: route of loss tells you the type of electrolytes lost and indicates types of fluid needed
ex.: vomiting: Na, K, Cl loss
Diarrhea: Na loss K loss chronically
Term
what can you find out during a physical exam about fluid loss?
Definition
extent of fluid loss
Term
what tests can you do to determine fluid loss?
Definition
Skin tugor test
pinching up a fold of skin and determine how long it takes to return to normal.
lumbar/thoracic area in dogs/cats (no scruff)
shoulder area in horses
Term
what does the skin tugor test tell you about the animal?
Definition
the longer the skin takes to return to normal, the more dehydrated the animal is.
Term
what are other indications of dehydration?
Definition
dry mucous membranes
increased heart rate
weak, thready pulse
reduced jugular distension
prolonged capillary refill time
Term
how are percentages used to determine dehydration?
Definition
<5%-undetectable
5-6%-subtle loss of skin elasticity
6-8%-delay in return of tented skin, slightly prolonged CRT
10-12%- skin remains tented, eyes prolonged CRT
12-15%- signs of shock, imminent death.
Term
what are some laboratory findings for fluid loss?
Definition
packed cell volume (PCV)- increased with dehydration always evaluate in conjunction with TP (anemia)
total plasma protein (TP)- increased with dehydration
Urine specific gravity-
increased with dehydration
Term
how much fluid to administer
Definition
maintenance dose
hydration deficit (rehydration dose)
ongoing losses
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