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Classical Rome
Terms for Test 1
32
History
Undergraduate 4
10/01/2009

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Term
Tarquinius Priscus
Definition
Etruscan, elected king of Rome by the Comitia Curiata, waged war against Latins and Sabines, increased size of Senate and built Circus Maximus.
Term
Servius Tullius
Definition
Succeeded Tarquinius Priscus, not elected king. Waged war against Etruscans and expanded the size and role of Rome. Was killed by son-in-law, Tarquinius Superbus, and his daughter. Body driven over by chariot.
Term
Tarquinius Superbus
Definition
Conspired to kill his father-in-law, Servius Tullius, to make himself king. Was the last king before the Roman Republic. Described as a tyrant and dictator.
Term
Romulus
Definition
Twin raised with brother Remus by a she-wolf. Killed brother for the right to found and name Rome. Founded three tribes of Rome.
Term
Pietas
Definition
One of the Roman virtues, along with gravitas and dignitas. It means "duty" or loyalty. Related to both the state and the family.
Term
Fides
Definition
Another Roman virtue; meant "reliability" rather than strictly "loyalty"; governed relationships between people.
Term
Consul
Definition
Two consuls were elected each year and were co-rulers of the Republic.
Term
Praetor
Definition
Magistrate positions created to ease the amount of work required by the consuls. In the Punic War era, they helped rule the army in war, while urban Praetors helped settle civic cases in the city.
Term
Censor
Definition
Two censors were elected by the Comitia Centuriata to conduct the census and to regulate public morality.
Term
Latin League
Definition
Confederation of Latin villages that banded together to protect themselves against Rome, with whom they warred. Eventually, they were dominated by the Romans and assimilated into Roman society as colonists and then citizens.
Term
Comitia Centuriata
Definition
"Army Assembly" - part of the legislature in the Roman Republic; consisted of members of the military. Only the CC could declare war or elect Roman Magistrates.
Term
Senate
Definition
Founded by the first king of Rome, lasted through Fall of Rome. Early, it was merely an advisory counsel of aristocrats. During the Republic, directed the Magistrates.
Term
Patron and Client
Definition
A relationship of extortion, mutual protection, and control between patricians and legislative people in the CC or even whole towns and areas.
Term
Patrician
Definition
According to Livy, the descendents of the 100 first Senators. In society, they were the aristocracy and ruling class. They had special access to jobs in the Senate, CC, military, and priesthood.
Term
Plebians
Definition
General Roman society; not patricians or slaves. Could be wealthy or important clients; could serve in the CC.
Term
Proles
Definition
Lowest level of free men in society. Did not own land and could not serve in legislature. Comprised the mob which influenced policy.
Term
Secessio
Definition
General strike by the plebs in response to supression or tyranny by the patricians. Led to standstill of society to force patricians to obey will of the people.
Term
Tribune
Definition
Position (there were 10) created in response to Plebian uprisings. Tribunes were elected and could veto laws and summon the Senate. Tribunes represented the Plebians, soldiers, etc.
Term
Concilium plebes
Definition
"Plebian Counsel" - Principal popular assembly of the legislature of the Republic. Formed on the basis of a curia with tribal implications. Patrician senators would often watch meetings and heckle.
Term
Twelve Tables
Definition
The foundation of the constitution of Roman Republican law. Created in response to demands by plebians that they would know the law and not be surprised by it. The patricians opposed them. Covered everything from marriage to court procedures and inheritence, etc.
Term
Mater familias
Definition
Mother of the family - the highest-ranking female in an extended family. Related to the pater familias, who wielded legal privilege over his dependents.
Term
Pyrrhus
Definition
Hellenistic military figure who led the Tarantines against the Romans. He often won battles, but suffered heavy losses, leading to the term "Pyrrhic Victory"
Term
Carthage
Definition
North African city, center of Carthaginian Empire. Rival of Rome; fought Punic Wars. Destroyed and salted after Third Punic war but rebuilt by Romans.
Term
Sicily
Definition
Island off the coast of Italy with ideal location for trade. Syracuse, Greeks, Carthage, Rome all fought for control. First Roman province. Italian to this day.
Term
Gladiatorial games
Definition
Blood sport games between men and also animals that re-enacted battles or simply entertained; first emerged around the time of the First Punic Wars, amphitheatres were created everywhere
Term
Barcido Family
Definition
In Spain, originally from Carthage, put in charge of winning back Spain after first Punic War.
Term
Hannibal
Definition
Brilliant Carthaginian general and military strategist
Term
Fabian Tactics
Definition
Named after the dictator of Rome during the Second Punic War, describes the use of attrition-based battles to break down morale and strength of opponent. Led to Hannibal's downfall.
Term
Livius Andronicus
Definition
First known Roman poet; translated Greek works into Latin. Helped bring Greek culture, myth, etc into Roman culture through translation of the Odyssey and mythology.
Term
Cannae
Definition
Major battle of the Second Punic War, southern Italy. Hannibal was outnumbered but won. Led to the defection of several city-states from Rome.
Term
Scipio
Definition
Celebrated Roman general who defeated Hannibal in the Battle of Zama, leading to the end of the Second Punic War and the downfall of Hannibal.
Term
Zama
Definition
Decisive battle in which Scipio defeated Hannibal, ending the Second Punic War in Rome's favor. Fought on Carthaginian soil.
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