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CLAS 1007 Roman Culture Midterm Review
Major dates, names and events of the Roman empire
116
History
Undergraduate 1
02/14/2011

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Term
Quintus Fabius Pictor
Definition
First real historian of Roman hx.
Term
Romulus and Remus
Definition
Two brothers on whom the legend of the foundation of Rome is based.
Term
Tarquinius Priscus
Definition
(Tarquin I) Historically claimed to have brought the Etruscan culture to Rome
Term
Servius Tullus
Definition
An early king of Rome. (578-535 BCE)
Term
Tarquinius Superbus
Definition
Tarquin the Proud, last king of Rome
Term
Lucretia
Definition
Wife of Lucius Taruquin Collatinus, who was raped by 'the proud's' son. Committed suicide, which allegedly led to the rebellion which allowed Rome to become a Republic.
Term
Lucius Junius Brutus
Definition
Alleged founder of the Republic. Became one of the first Consuls in 509 BCE.
Term
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Definition
Nephew to Tarquin the Proud.whose wife Lucretia was raped by 'The Proud's' son Sextus. Wife kills herself, led to rebellion d/t outrage at Sextus. The Tarquins were expelled. Rome became a repiblic.
Term
Hannibal
Definition
Carthaginian general who terrorized the Roman countryside during the second Punic War.
Term
Scipio Africanus
Definition
Roman general who defeated Hannibal & conquered North Africa for Rome.
Term
Marcus Porcius Cato
Definition
The elder, represented the epitome of moral virtue. Abhorred foreign ideas. Thought they would corrupt the Roman moral fiber.
Term
Tiberius Gracchus
Definition
Brothers attempting social reform brother, Tribune in 133BCE, attempted Ager publlicus reforms, was assassinated for it in 133. Tried to limit the amount of lands rich could own to ensure that it was given to the poor. When the Senate voted no, he took this to the Plebian Assembly, who could pass legistlation. :)
Term
Gaius Gracchus
Definition
Tribune in 123 & 122, killed in 121 by political opponents. Working the system. Tried to offer the vote to their allies, who were not citizens, riots broke out, he killed hiself rather than be captured.
Term
Gaius Marius
Definition
Roman general, was elected consul 7 times, roman military reforms.
Term
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Definition
Roman general who imposed himself as dictator of Rome in 81-79 BCE. Made a proscription list for his enemies, ie reward for killing them, then took their lands and good to enrich himself.
Term
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Definition
'Pompey the great'sided with Sulla. Was consul, military genius.
Term
Gaius Julius Caesar
Definition
Was consul/doctator of the republic. triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey
Term
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Definition
Was consul in 63 BCE, chose to side with Pompey during the civil was against Caesar. They lost. Was not part of Caesar's assassination. He was spokesman for the SEnate after Caesar's' death- M.A. was leader of the Caesarian faction. He was a popular public figure, and pitted Octavian and Antony against one another. Wa proscribed and assassinated.
Term
Marcus Antonius
Definition
Formed the SEcond triumvirate with Lepidus and Octavian, military genius, trusted by Caesar, married Octavia, lover to Cleopatra. Died with her.
Term
Augustus
Definition
Title conferred upon Octavian by the Roman Senate; the title came to be used by subsequent rulers - is the Roman equivalent of "Emperor"
Term
Cleopatra VII
Definition
Considered the last queen of Egypt & romantically linked to Julius Caesar & Marc Antony
Term
Nero
Definition
Emperor from 64-68CE
Term
Commodus
Definition
Emperor from 180-192 CE
Term
Julia Domna
Definition
Severan woman, wife of emperor Lucius Septimus Severus. Exercised power behind the throne. Was empress
Term
Julia Mamaea
Definition
Was niece to above Julia and emperor Septimus Severus. Mother of emperor.
Term
Julia Maesa
Definition
Mother of Mammaea, sister to Domna, She rescued the Severan Dynasty from usurper Macrinus.
Term
Diocletian
Definition
Emperor who used the Tetrarchy as a way to rule.
Term
Constantine
Definition
First Roman Emperor to convert to christianity. Issued decrees stating christian tolerance throughtout empire.
Term
Plautus
Definition
Ceomdic author and playright. Wrote Poenulus also called the little Carthaginian.
Term
Agorastocles
Definition
Main Character. Adopted as a son after being taken from Carthage after battle.
Term
Lycus
Definition
Pimp in Calydon.
Term
Athemonides
Definition
Military officer who falls in love with Anterastylis.
Term
Hanno
Definition
Father of girls and cousin of Agorastocles' parents.
Term
Anterastylis
Definition
Sister of Adelphasium. Also stolen from Carthage, and sold into prostitution.
Term
Adelphasium
Definition
Slave belonging to Lycus, with whom Agorastocles is in love. Stolen from Carthage as a slave to become a prostitute.
Term
Milphio
Definition
Slave of Agorastocles, who helps him get the girl.
Term
Tiber
Definition
Large River- lifeblood of emprie trading...trading...
Term
Po
Definition
large river... again
Term
Apennines
Definition
Mountain range along the top of Italy's boot.
Term
Indo-European
Definition
Languages that share a common ancestor. They originate from India and Europe.
Term
Etruscans
Definition
Dominant cultural group who lived in central Italy before rise of the Roman empire.
Term
Samnites
Definition
Group of tribes who warred intermittently with Rome between 343-290 BCE.
Term
Gauls
Definition
Group of people, culture with whom Rome came into conflict. This area is now Modern France. Gallic.
Term
Patricians
Definition
Noble, who have had a family member in the past who has been Consul.
Term
Plebian
Definition
Peasantry, can be rich, but not of noble descant
Term
Struggle of the Orders
Definition
Issues between classes rectified by the twelve Tables, making the tribune a sacrosanct personhood, and allowing the Council of the plebs to make decisions which applied to all roman citizens, not just the PLebs.
Term
Twelve Tables
Definition
Foundation of Roman Law. Made it so that the laws were written and could be known to Plebs as well as the more educated Patricians. Increased fairness, since the Plebs actually knew what the laws were now.
Term
Commitia Tributa
Definition
Committee divided into 35 tribes, who voted on less important issues.
Term
Comitia Centuriata
Definition
Assembly formed of 373 groups of 100 men who voted on legislation.
Term
Concilium Plebis
Definition
Assembly which consisted only of Plebians.
Term
Senate
Definition
Political institution throughout Roman history. They advised the king, elected officials, & the emperor.
Term
Consul
Definition
Elected military commander.
Term
Praetor
Definition
Replaced the king after the monarchy came to an end. Took on a judicial role in Roman political life.
Term
Aedile
Definition
Magistrate responsible for care of city infrastructure.
Term
Quaestor
Definition
Lowest level of magistrate, whose responsibilities included the administration of public records & administration of the treasury.
Term
Censor
Definition
One of the most powerful elected positions in the republic, responsible for registering citizens, keeping census of property, & ensuring that senators engaged in moral behaviour.
Term
Patria Postestas
Definition
The absolute power of a Pater Familias over the members of his household.
Term
Patron-Client System
Definition
Client conducts services, works and supports (votes for) the patron in return for protection and finances if needed.
Term
Ager Publicus
Definition
State agricultural land that was assigned to the "landless poor" but was frequently held by the wealthy.
Term
Tribune of the Plebs
Definition
Tribune elected to represent the plebian assembly, his physical person was sacrosanct, he could rescue one from the Patricians without issue.
Term
Gens
Definition
A Roman family line, all descended from one male ancestor, all bearing the same name.
Term
"New Man"
Definition
Being the first man in the family to achieve political status of 'consul' made his family noble. 'novus homo'
Term
Latin League
Definition
Association of Latin towns (probably originating in the 7th century) for the joint worship of dieties & mutual protection, Rome defeated the city & made itself dominant partner until its dissolution in 338 BCE.
Term
Carthaginians
Definition
People of Carthage, were opposing force in Punic wars.
Term
Punic Wars
Definition
Wars fought between Carthaginians and Romans. 2nd= Hannibal
Term
Saguntum
Definition
town where, during the 2nd punic war. This battle allegedly caused the 2nd war.
Term
Battle of Zama
Definition
The battle at which Scipio defeated Hannibal.
Term
Populares
Definition
Favouring the people, leaders who relied on the people's assembly and tribunate to gain power.
Term
Optimates
Definition
Taditionalists, wanted to lower the power of the plebs, and extend the power of the Senate.
Term
Equites
Definition
Property holders rich enough to afford the equipment of horse based warfare.
Term
Proletarii
Definition
The lowest property class of citizen who were not obligated to render military service.
Term
The Social War
Definition
War in which the allies of Rome revolted so they could have citizenship
Term
First Triumvirate
Definition
Counsil of 3 first done with Ceasar, ...
Crassus and Pompey.
Term
Republic
Definition
2nd historical period, so named because of the use of SEnate instead of kings
Term
Principate
Definition
Time period between republic & the empire in which Augustus ruled as Princeps (1st citizen. Can also mean period between Augustus & Diocletian.
Term
Tetrachy
Definition
Diocletian ruled this way, with 4 individuals ruling Roman empire.
Term
Cum Manu
Definition
Bride became art of her husband's family
Term
Sine Manu
Definition
Bride was still part of her father's family. She spent a few nights of the month at home. This is the far more common type.
Term
Pater familias
Definition
Head of the household; ideally the oldest male. Power.
Term
Mater familias
Definition
Female head of the house. Authority.
Term
Paedagogue
Definition
Term
Stuprum
Definition
Dishonor, defilement, debauchery.
Term
Atellan Farce
Definition
Rude humor popular in Rome Ridiculous characters, using stick characters. Upon whom shakespeare based many of his characters.
Term
Fabulae Palliatae
Definition
Roman comedies written with Greek stock characters.
Term
The Poenulus
Definition
Comedy written by Plautus
Term
Latinfundia
Definition
large agricultural estates worked by slaves.
Term
Nundinas
Definition
Term
Negotiatores
Definition
lawyers. represented large trading companies and investment groups.
Term
Mercatores
Definition
Merchants
Term
As
Definition
a bronze coin
Term
Denarius
Definition
a silver coin
Term
Aureus
Definition
unit of Roman coin.
Term
Publicanus
Definition
purchased government contracts and performed government designated tasks for profit.
Term
Magones
Definition
Slave Traders- followed armies to trade for captured slaves to sell.
Term
Peculium
Definition
Small stipend, the pay of a slave.
Term
Freedman
Definition
Liberati freed slaves.
Term
Traditional Foundation of Rome
Definition
753 BCE
Term
Regal Period
Definition
753-509 BCE
Term
Fall of the Roman Monarchy
Definition
509 BCE - Tarquin the Arrogant expelled from Rome
Term
The Republican Period
Definition
508 BCE-27 BCE
Term
The Struggle of the Orders
Definition
Term
Creation of the Twelve Tables
Definition
Published in 451-449 BCE
Term
First Punic War
Definition
264-241BCE Sicily becomes first overseas territory
Term
Second Punic War
Definition
218-201 BCE
Term
Third Punic War
Definition
149-146 BCE, victorious romans burn Carthage to the ground.
Term
Battle of Zama
Definition
Term
The Social War
Definition
90-88 BCE
Term
The Dictatorship of Julius Caesar
Definition
48-44BCE
Term
The Assassination of Julius Caesar
Definition
44 BCE
Term
The Battle of Actium
Definition
31 BCE Octavian's victory over Antony & Cleopatra.
Term
The Principate
Definition
Term
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Definition
Term
Flavian Dynasty
Definition
Term
Severan Dynasty
Definition
Term
Transfer of Imperial Capital to Byzantium (aka. Constantinople)
Definition
330 CE AD
Term
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Definition
476CE/AD
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