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Civil War and Reconstruction
part 3
18
History
11th Grade
02/25/2013

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Cards

Term
Scalawags
Definition
White southerners who joined blacks and carpetbaggers in Republican Party. Viewed as traitors by most southerners.
Term
Secession
Definition
To withdraw from the Union. 11 states seceded to form Confederate States of America (CSA). States’ rights view of constitution. Concept was based on 10th amendment; states have reserved powers that Union cannot violate. South believed they could win their independence by fighting a defensive war and getting help from Europe.
Term
Sharecroppers
Definition
Unfair economic system replaced slavery in South. Planters own land; farmers shared the crop profits with landowner; sharecroppers always in debt.
Term
Sherman, William T.
Definition
Total warpath of destruction throughout the South.
Term
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Definition
Attempt to win by destroying South’s will and capacity to fight.
Term
Slave codes
Definition
Before Civil War southern state laws regulated what a slave could and couldn’t do. Example: It was illegal to teach a slave to read.
Term
Solid South
Definition
After Reconstruction control by Democratic Planters. Solid Democratic party support by the South. Lasts until the 1960’s. Many still blamed war and Reconstruction on Republicans
Term
Stevens, Thaddeus
Definition
Radical Republican. Pushed Reconstruction plans
Term
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Definition
Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852. Book helped North see slavery was morally wrong, leading to war. Increased sectionalism.
Term
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Definition
1856. Brooks beat Sumner in Congress. Shows split in North and South. Sumner was abolitionist.
Term
Tenant farmers
Definition
Similar to sharecropping except able to rent land up front; better off.
Term
Tenure of Office Act
Definition
Used to impeach Andrew Johnson when he fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, a radical Republican. The law was probably an unconstitutional violation of checks and balances and separation of powers.
Term
The Whiskey Ring
Definition
Corrupt tax collections in Grant administration. Cheated government of millions. Led to calls for reform in Spoils System.
Term
Tubman, Harriet
Definition
Key figure on Underground Railroad; targeted by Fugitive Slave Act.
Term
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Definition
See Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Term
Underground Railroad
Definition
Secret escape route of slaves to North before Civil War
Term
Vicksburg
Definition
Turning point of the Civil War: on Mississippi River July 1863. Falls into Union hands; Grant wins. Union now controls Mississippi River and divides the South.
Term
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Definition
Suspended by Lincoln in Civil War, giving him the authority to arrest, without trial, any suspected southern sympathizers in the North. May have violated the Constitution. Example of Lincoln’s expansion of presidential power.
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