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Civics
all you need to know for the final!
48
History
7th Grade
05/22/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Women's Suffrage
Definition
  • Suffrage=right to vote=enfranchisement
  • Seneca Falls--Sojourner Truth "Ain't I a woman started the combination of abolitionists and woman's rights activists
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Phyllis Schlafly
  • 1913 march on Pennslyvania Ave.
  • Lucy Stone first woman to keep maiden name.

 

 

 

 


Term
Separation of Powers
Definition

dividing government power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Legislature= make only the laws Executive= enforce laws Judicial= interpret the meaning of laws Guard against tyranny because not government official or branch of government could gain too much power Baron de Montesquieu believed government should be divided into three branches

Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition

created judicial review which is the power to say if something is unconstitutional the court overturned the judiciary act of 1789 and decided the supreme court did not have original jurisdiction

Term
Voting
Definition

voting takes place in polling places or... absentee ballots research: pamphlet interwebs campaign adds has to be a us citizen 18 or older, has to register, must have legal residency

Term
Bill of Rights
Definition

1st ten amendments, are bill of rights

1st amendment: freedom of: speech, press, religion, petition, assembly

2nd Amendment:gun control, protection

3rd amendment: quartering of troops, during times of peace congress cannot force you to house

4th amendment: no unlawful searches/seizures can't search without a warrant, privacy

5th amendment: can't be forced to witness against one's self no double jeopardy (can't be tried twice for the same crime), fair trial, emenant domain ( government can take away land for fair market value, indict (what are you being tried for?), grand jury

5th 6th 7th 8th rights of the accused

Term
Plessy v. Furegonson
Definition
separate but equal
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
overturned plessy v. feurgonson
Term
Tinker v. Des Moines
Definition
decided that students do not lose there 1st amendment rights when they go to school
Term
Skokie v. Illinois
Definition
decided that if you take away 1 persons freedom of speech its like taking away everyones freedom of speech
Term
Miranda v. Arizona
Definition
court ruled that a person arrested must be read his or her rights, or else any confession made would be inadmissble in court
Term
Roe v. Wade
Definition

court decided that woman's privacy rights (14th) were being violated, ruled that the right to seek an abortion was a privacy right, decided that the law in Texas was too broad and made no distinctions between early and late abortions, split up a woman's pregnacy into trimesters

Term
Betts v. Brady
Definition
right to a lawyer under certain circumstances
Term
Gideon v. Wainwright
Definition
everyone gets right to councel
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland
Definition

decided that congress had the power to create a national bank and Maryland did not have power to tax national bank, established that congress is not limited to powers that are expressly granted it in the constitution

Term
Duties of Citizens
Definition

•obey laws

•defend the nation

•serving on a jury or as a witness in court

•serving on a jury or as a witness in court

•paying taxes

•attending school

Term
Responsibilities of Citizens
Definition

•working towards the common good (acting in ways that protect the rights and freedoms of other Americans to make communities good places to live)

•voting(get info. so you can vote prepared) •holding government office

•Participating in election compaigns

•influencing government (express opinion) •serving the community

Term
"Equal Protection"
Definition

can be applied to new situations, racial discrimination, woman, 14th amendment gives all citizens equal protection under the law

Term
What is race?
Definition

can't be changed, color of skin, region of your ancestors, defined by look, facial features, and background, disease different

Term
What is ethnicity?
Definition

can be changed, culture (separate from race), traditions, foods, religions, languages, holidays, music

Term
Immigration Complaints
Definition
always the same!
Term
Nation
Definition
a group of a single race or ethnicity
Term
Some American Indian Stereotypes
Definition

live in tee pees, smoke signals, reservations, casinos, tomahauk, scalping, feather headresses, low voices, poor language skills, red skin, totem poles, drunks (savages) (close to nature) (sinners)

Term
African Americans are the only minority that were...
Definition
forced to mirgrate
Term
African American Stereo types
Definition
super cool, urban criminal, super human/animal, southern rural
Term
13th amendment
Definition
freed slaves
Term
14th amendment
Definition
all citizens have equal protection
Term
15th amendment
Definition
equal voting rights for all men
Term
Asian American Stereotypes
Definition
smart, commies, foreigners, criminals, exotic, mystical, magic
Term
Chicano
Definition
insulting, define latinos, claim their racial volume, you have to feel if you are chicano, describe race and ethnicity
Term
Rights of the accused
Definition
  • Amendment 5 (miranda)
    • right to due process
    • indictment by a grand jury
    • no self-incrimination
    • no double jeopardy
    • eminent domain
  • Amendment 6 (Gideon)
    • speedy trial
    • legal counsel-for criminal cases
  • Amendment 7 (Scottsboro Boys)
    • no excessive bail
    • no cruel and unusual punishment
Term
federalism
Definition

 marble cake mixed responsibilities like...

taxes

roads

borrowing money

health and safety

layer cake seperate powers

public schools

state elections

surface streets

local gov't

Declaration of war

cross border trade regulation

foreign relations

coining money

Term
Trace the progress of the Women's Rights Movement from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 until present day. (Give at least 3 examples)
Definition
  • started in Seneca Falls in 1848
  • at convention discussed: equal access to education, employment, and suffrage (rights for women)
  • many abolitionists were apart of women's movement
  • After civil war, susan b. anthony and elizabeth stanton thought that women might get the right to vote because women contributed to war
  • 1869 anthony and stanton organized national women's suffrage association- supports making an amendment to give all american women right to vote
  • first place to allow women to vote: territory of wyoming
  • western states: washington, CA, arizona, kansas, oregon allowed voting for women in later years
  • 1920 women vote!
Term
The right to bear arms has been a controversial issue in the U.S. for many years. What are the major arguments for and against gun control? Be sure to make special reference to selected portions of the Bill of Rights.
Definition

The arguments against:

  • Amendment made during war when people had to protect themselves
  • Allowing guns to the population helps criminals achieve their aims
  • Amendment made when everything was more rural and there was less development in the cities

 

The arguments for:

  • Right that people should have – if government becomes tyrannical, people can overthrow
  • People should be allowed the opportunity to protect themselves
  • The right is in the bill of rights and it would be unconstitutional to take that right away.
  • Bill o' Rights (2nd amendment)
    • gives all citizens the right to bear arms
Term

What are the constitutional issues relative to the Supreme Court cases Tinker v. Des Moines and Village of Skokie v. Nazi Party.  In your answer, briefly describe the events of each case, applicable Constitutional amendments, and the Supreme Court’s decision.

Definition
  • 1st amendment rights
  • Village of Skokie v. Nazi Party
    • court took away 1st amendment rights and that was not just.
  • Tinker v. Des Moines
    • students don't shed their rights at the school gate.
Term
Immigration has played a large role in the fromation of America.  Discuss the ways in which different culture have influenenced American culture. Can America best be described as a mosaic or a melting pot?
Definition
  • food (i.e. thai food, chinese food, italian food)
  • music (i.e. salsa, reggae)
  • holidays (st. patricks day, chinese new year)
  • America= Mosaic b/c diff. cultures coming together and contributing to the big picutre, american culture, not melting pot b/c everybody is not 1 american culture
Term
What are the guaranteed protections for the accused in the fifth, sixth, and eighth amendments? Please provide specific references to Supreme Court cases that address issues related to these amendments.
Definition

5th 

to due process (read your rights, carry out a law in main fashion)

right to grand jury

no double feopardy

no self incrimination

eminent domain

Miranda v. Arizona: not read rights, has to have rights read according to 5th amendment

6th

speedy trial

right to councel

Gideon v. Wainwright- decided that all poor persons on trial have the right to a councel, everyone has right to councel

8th

no cruel and unusual punishments

Scottsboro boys- got sentenced to really long sentences, but that was counted as a cruel and unusual punishment, and excessive

Term
There is a debate over the use of racial mascots for sprots teams. Explain both sides of this debate. Remember to use examples that you learned in class.
Definition
  • Florida Seminoles were exempt from the ban of racial mascots because they had gotten permission from the tribe and worked closely with them
  • For
    • that by using them as a mascot they are honoring them.
    • compliment because it is showing that they think they are strong.
  • Against
    • that many times the image of the mascot doesn't represent the actual people at all because they are very stereotyped
    • that they are showing them as savages because they fight and are agressive and there are a lot of bad connotations that come with mascots.
Term

Marbury v. Madison is one of the early cases that defined the powers of the Supreme Court. What was the decision of the case  and why was it so important?

Definition
  • The court decided that they did not have original jurisidiction for cases involving high officials
  • the court overturned the judiciary act of 1789
  • this gave the court the power of judicial review: to say if something is constitional or not
  • this is important because it established the supreme courts main power
Term

How did the case Gideon v. Wainwright affect the way trials are conducted in the United States? Be sure to mention any applicable Constitutional amendments.

Definition
  • the case made it that courts/states had to provide councel for any poor persons and everyone who asks in trial.
  • 6th amendment- right to councel
Term
The founding framers thought that political parties were not good for the U.S. In 1 paragraph support or refute their idea. Make sure to provide reasons for your argument. Be sure to define political party.
Definition
  • political party=faction=an organization of citizens who wish to influence and control government by getting their members elected to office.
  • political divide in the country
  • the parties will only work for the good of the party instead of for the country.
  • political parties are becoming comercial too much to do with money
Term

Executive Order 9066 was never declared unconstitutional, but the united states government has officially apologized for it.  Describe these two different reactions towards it.

Definition
Term
Amending the Constitution
Definition
  • Proposals
  • 2/3 vote in congress (2/3 in senate and house)
  • 2/3 of states request an amendment to Constitution

Ratification

 

  • 3/4 state legistlatures (elected officials)
  • 3/4 of state conventions (regular citizens)

 

Term
Funtions of Political Parties
Definition
  • select candidates
  • provide leadership
  • set goals
  • act watchdogs
  • help get citizens' voices heard.
  • inform citizens
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition

Legistlative

may impeach federal judges

may override a presidential veto

Approves appointment of judges

Approves treates

may impeach president

Executive

Appoints federal judges

may veto acts of congress

may call congress into special session

Judicial

may interpret laws

may declare laws unconstitutional

may interpret treaties

may declare executive acts unconstitutional

Term
Limited Government
Definition
  • Federalism (separation of states and federal government)
  • seperation of powers (within federal government)
  • checks and balances (within federal government)
Term
Structure of the Constitution
Definition
  1. Preamble- purpose of govern.:  defend justice, liberty, provide peace, and safety  from foreign enemies 
  2. Articles- set up government (legistlative, executive,  judicial and so on)
  3. Amendments (27 in total, first ten= bill of rights)
Term
Electoral College
Definition

  • same # of electors as congress members
  • 538 electors total
  • In order to win and election you need at least 270 electoral votes

Term
Elections and Voting
Definition

  • general election=voters make FINAL decision about the candidates
  • you must register to vote and then go to the polls-- in the past years about half of eligible citizens go to the polls.
  • candidates use several methods to get your vote--direct mail.
  • interest groups and PACs also try to get you to vote for their party affiliation.
  • media and bias media as well
  • campaign manager and press secretary are the most important in a camp.
  • fundraising=VERY VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!
  • incumbents often get advantage

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