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Circulatory Test
N/A
46
Biology
12th Grade
02/08/2010

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Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels
Term
Circulatory System
Definition
made up of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, function is transport of gases, nutrients and hormones; gets rid of waste; and helps maintain constant body temperature
Term
Heart
Definition
muscular organ between lungs and behind sternum that pumps blood through blood vessels; beats 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime
Term
Pericardium
Definition
membrane surrounding the heart
Term
Epicardium
Definition
inner layer of the pericardium; visceral pericardium
Term
Septum
Definition
separates the heart into a right side and left side
Term
Right Side of Heart
Definition
pumps blood to lungs
Term
Left Side of Heart
Definition
pumps blood to other parts of body
Term
Atrium
Definition
upper chamber of heart
Term
Ventricle
Definition
lower chamber of heart
Term
Valves
Definition
flaps of tissue that open in only one direction
Term
Atrioventricular Valve (AV valve)
Definition
valve separating atrium from ventricle; blood pressure causes this valve to close as the ventricles pump to prevent backflow into the atria
Term
Tricuspid Valve
Definition
right AV valve
Term
Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
Definition
left AV valve
Term
Semilunar Valve (SL valve)
Definition
blood is pumped through here from the ventricles out of the heart into large blood vessels; prevents backflow into the ventricles when the heart relaxes
Term
Pulmonary Valve
Definition
right SL valve
Term
Aortic Valve
Definition
left SL valve
Term
Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
Definition
located in the right atria, is the area in whch the first group of cells are stimulated- they are self-exciting; called pacemaker b/c it regulates rate of contraction of entire heart
Term
Atrioventricular Node (AV node)
Definition
found in the septum between the atria
Term
Systole
Definition
ventricles contract, AV valve close and SL valves open
Term
Diastole
Definition
ventricles relax, AV valve opens, and SL valves close due to the backpressure of blood
Term
Heart Murmur
Definition
occurs if one valve fails to close properly during backflow
Term
Pulse
Definition
series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contractions of the left ventricle- most common place to take it is at a radial artery wrist-thumb side (average 70-90bpm)
Term
Closed System
Definition
blood flows in one direction; blood is contained in blood vessels or heart
Term
Open System
Definition
blood leaves the system and circulates within tissues throughout the organism's body
Term
Arteries
Definition
large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Term
Blood Pressure
Definition
the force blood exerts against the inside walls of the blood vessel; measured in arm
Term
Arteriole
Definition
a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
Term
Capillaries
Definition
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules
Term
Venule
Definition
a very small vein, esp. one collecting blood from the capillaries
Term
Vein
Definition
large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
Term
Inferior Vena Cava
Definition
a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body into the heart
Term
Superior Vena Cava
Definition
a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the head, arms, and upper body into the heart
Term
Valve
Definition
a membranous fold in a hollow organ or tubular structure, such as a blood vessel, that maintains the flow of the contents in one direction by closing in response to any pressure from reverse flow
Term
Varicose Veins
Definition
dilated b/c of weakened valves
Term
Pulmonary Circulation
Definition
blood travels between the heart and lungs
Term
Systemic Circulation
Definition
movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs, blood moves from the aorta to other subsystems
Term
Coronary Circulation
Definition
supplies blood to the heart through coronary arteries
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
disease in which fatty materials buildup on the interior wall of an artery; decrease risk of this or heart disease by eating healthy, low saturated fats, not smoking, exercise, manage stress, and keep healthy weight
Term
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Definition
supplies liver with blood and takes away waste
Term
Renal Circulation
Definition
supplies kidneys with blood and filters blood and remove waste
Term
Lymph
Definition
transparent yellowish fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
function is to return fluids that has collected in tissues to the blood through diffusion
Term
Lymph Nodes
Definition
small organs that filter the lymph, removing foreign particles, microorganism, and other tissue debris
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
white blood cells in lymph nodes, fight disease
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