Shared Flashcard Set

Details

circulatory system
ggaga
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the ciruclatory sytem composed of?

Definition

 

 

 

 

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Term

 

 

 

 

 

what is the function of the circulatory system?

Definition

 

 

 

 

1. transports essential materials -- o2, fuel molecule, hormones. -- throughout the body to cell where they are needed and to collect waste materials generated by the bodys metabolic activity.

Term

 

 

 

 

what two sections do the circulatory system divide into?

Definition

 

 

1. pulmonary circut -- blood vessels going to and from the lungs

 

 

2. systemic circuit - blood vessels goin to and from the rest of the tissues of the body.

Term

 

 

 

 

explain the heart

Definition

 

 

 

 

four chambered, where muscular pumps that propels blood through the blood vessles

Term

 

 

 

 

 

what divides the left and right side of the heart?

Definition

 

 

 

 

septum

Term

 

 

 

 

why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right?

Definition

 

 

 

 

because the systemic circulation is at a much higher pressure system thatn the pulmonary circulation

Term

 

 

 

 

what is a heart mummur?

Definition

 

 

 

 

valve is damaged or the valve doesnt close properly.

meaning the blood regurgitates, causing noise.

Term

 

 

 

 

what kind of muscle is in the heart?

Definition

 

 

 

 

myocardium -- cardiac muscle

Term

 

 

 

 

why do cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles?

Definition

 

 

cardiac muscles are anatomically interconnected - functional syncytium

 

when one fibers contract, all the fibers contract

 

but the fibers of the aria are seperated from that of the ventricles.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

where does the heart inherent ontractile rhythm?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

the SA node. its the normal pacemaker of the heart.

Term

 

 

 

 

the wave of depolarization is delayed in the A-V node for approx how long?

and why?

Definition

 

 

0.10 seconds

 

to give the atria time to contract and empty their content into the ventricles

Term

 

 

 

 

what is electrocardiography?

and its component of a normal EKG waveform?

Definition

 

 

it records the wave of depolarization as it passes across the heart using electrodes on the surface of the body.

 

p waves - represnts atrial depolarization

QRS - ventricular depolarization

T - ventricular repolarization

Term

 

 

 

what is an arrhythmia ?

hw do you diagnose it?

 

what are some examples of it?

Definition



- irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat


you diagnose it by looking at the heart rate, amplitude and shapes of the components of the EKG waveform, and time intervals


atrial - tachycardia

nodal - second and third degree heart blocks

ventricular - premature venticular contraction, ventricular tachycardia, ventrcular fibrillation

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the widow maker?

Definition

 

cardiac muscles is dependent on aerobic metabolism -- rich blood supply

 

@rest: normal bloodf flow to the myocardim is 5% of the total cardiac output.

 

approx 70-80% of the oxygen is extracte from blood flowing int he coronary vessels compared to an average 30%

Term

 

 

 

 

what is an artery?

explain its path

Definition

 

 

they carry blood away from the heart

 

large arteries -- medium -- small -- arterioles

 

theres less elastic tissue in the walls of the artery

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

why are arteries and arterioles important to the circulatory system?

Definition

 

 

they constitude the high pressure part of the circulatory system

 

 

by constricting or relaxing the thick layer of smooth muscles in the walls of the arterioles, blood flow can be increased or decreased to various cappilaries

Term

 

 

 

 

 

all other organs of the cirulatory system exist only to serve what?

Definition

 

 

 

 

capillary beds

Term

 

 

 

 

capillaries in the human body has what?

Definition

 

 

 

a surface area of 6000sq meters

60 000 miles long

mass is twice the size of the liver

Term

 

 

 

 

what are venules and veins?

Definition

 

 

 

venules  - small vessels that conduct venous blood from capillaries to veins

 

veins - blood to the heart

Term

 

 

 

 

what makes veins different from arteries?

Definition

 

 

they greater in diameter

have thinner walls

have both superficial and deep veins

 

smooth mucles allow them to change their diameter

 

low presure ofthe ciculatory system

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

where are valves found?

Definition

 

 

 

in those veins that carry blood against the force of gravity,

espcially those that of the leg

Term

 

 

 

 

explain the mechanism invloved in returning blood to the heart

Definition

 

 

 

a) pressure differences b/w left ventricle and right atium

b)skeletal muscle pump; active muscles will squeeze the veins and push the blood towards the heart

 

c) respiratory pump - decreases the pressure in the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

Term

 

 

 

what is blood composed of?

Definition

 

 

red, white blood cells, platelets

 

suspended in plasma (makes up 50-60% of blood by volume)

Term

 

 

 

 

what is plasma composed of?

Definition

 

 

 

 

90% water and 10% solutes

Term

 

 

 

 

explain RBC's

Definition
  • also called erythocytes
  • biconcave discs
  • 5-6 milllion / cubic millimeter
  • forned in bone marrow in ends of long and flat bones
  • lifespan - 120days
  • has hemoglobin

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

what is hemoglobin?

what are nomal values of hemoglobin?

Definition

 

 

 

 

contains protein which binds with oxygen

 

in men; 14-16g/100ml

females; 12-14g/100ml

Term

 

 

 

 

what is hematocrit?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

ratio of the volume of blood cells to that total volume of blood

Term

 

 

 

 

where are the two sites of gas exchange in the body?

Definition

 

 

1. alveolar capillary membrane in the lung

o2 from alveoli -- blood

co2 from blood -- alveoli

2. tissue capillary membrane in tissues

o2 from blood -- tissues

co2 from tissues to blood

Term

 

 

 

what is partial pressore of gas?

 what does it depend on?

Definition

 

 

-- the pressure of a gas in a gas mixture

 

dependent on: total barometric pressure

fractional concentration of that gas

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the most important factor in determining gas exchange?

Definition

 

 

the partial presure gradient of the gases involved

 

ambient air vs tracheal air vs alveolar air

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the functional residual capacity ?

Definition

 

 

 

a damper so that each incoming breath of air has only a smal effect on the composition of the alveolar air -- > PPG in the alveoly remains relatively stable

Term

 

 

 

 

what is henry's law ?

 

what are its factors?

Definition

 

the amount of gas that dissolves in a fluid

 

1. the pressure of the gas above the fluid -- given by the gas concentration x barometric pressure

 

2. solublity coefficient of the gas

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the diffusing capacity for oxygen ?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

the volume of O2 that cross the a-c membrane / minute /mm HG btween the alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood

Term

 

 

 

what are the factors that affect partial pressure gradients?

Definition

 

1. thickness of the respiratory membrane

2. # of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentraiton

 

why? bc bound O2 doesnt exert a partial pressure

 

3. surface ares of the respiratory membrane avail for diffusion

Term

 

 

 

 

what are the two mechanism for increaing the diffusing capacity by 3x its resting values during heavy aerobic exercise?

Definition

 

 

1. increaed lung volumes during exercise -- increase sa for diffusion

 

2. open more capillaries in the lungs

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the bohr effect?

Definition

 

 

 

 

increased body temp, increased PCO2.. and decreas PH.

curve shifts to the rigt to release more oxygen at the tissue

Supporting users have an ad free experience!