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Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Vocabulary for Chapter 6 Holt Biology Textbook
19
Biology
9th Grade
10/25/2010

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Term
GAMETE
Definition
A haploid reproductive cell that joins with another haploid reproductive cell cell to form a zygote.
Term
GENE
Definition
A piece of DNA that codes for a specific inherited trait.
Term
BINARY FISSION
Definition

A form of asexual

reproduction in single celled

living things by

which one cell divides

into two cells of the same size.

Term
CHROMATID
Definition

one of the two strands

of a chromosome that

become visible during

meiosis or mitosis

Term

CENTROMERE

Definition

The area of the

chromosome that

holds the two sister

chromatids together

during mitosis

Term

HOMOLOGOUS  CHROMOSOMES

Definition

Chromosomes that have

the same order of genes,

that have the same

structure, and that pair

during meiosis

Term
DIPLOID
Definition

A cell that contains

two haploid sets of

chromosomes

Term

HAPLOID

Definition

A cell, nucleus, or living

thing that has only

one set of unpaired

chromosomes

Term
ZYGOTE
Definition

The cell that results

when gametes join; a

fertilized egg

Term
KARYOTYPE
Definition

An arrangement of the

chromosomes found in

an individual’s cells at the

metaphase stage of mitosis;

the chromosomes are

arranged in homologous

pairs in order from largest to the smallest.

Term
AUTOSOMES
Definition

Any chromosome that is

not a sex chromosome

Term
CHROMOSOME
Definition

In a eukaryotic cell, a

molecule of DNA that

has been twisted around

proteins for packing

into the nucleus; in a

prokaryotic cell, the

main ring of DNA

Term
SEX CHROMOSOME
Definition

One of the pair of

chromosomes that

determine the sex

of an individual

Term
CELL CYCLE
Definition

The life cycle of a cell; in

eukaryotes, it consists of

a cell-growth period, in

which DNA is made, and

a cell-division period, in

which mitosis takes place

Term
INTERPHASE
Definition

A period between two

divisions of mitosis or

meiosis during which the

cell grows, copies its

DNA, and makes proteins

Term
MITOSIS
Definition

The process in which a

cell divides to form two

new nuclei, each of

which has the same

number of chromosomes

Term
CYTOKINESIS
Definition

The division of the

cytoplasm of a cell;

cytokinesis follows

the division of the

cell’s nucleus by

mitosis or meiosis

Term
CANCER
Definition

A tumor in which the

cells begin dividing at

an uncontrolled rate

and become invasive

Term
SPINDLE
Definition

A network of microtubules

that forms during mitosis

and moves chromatids to

the poles of a cell

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