Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chpt. 10
childhood, adolescence, and adulthood development
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/04/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Development
Definition

sequence of age related changes that occur as a person progresses from concption to death

biological and behavioral changes

prenatal, childhood, adolescence, adulthood

Term
Prenatal Development
Definition
from conception to birth (usually about 9 months)
Term
germinal stage
Definition

first 2 weeks after conception

placenta forms during implantation

allows oxygen and nutrients t pass from mother's bloddstream to fetus

allows wastes to pass from child to mother

keeps fetal and mother's bloodstream separate

Term
embryonic stage
Definition

2 weeks- 2 months after conception

most vital organs and bodily systems develop

Term
Fetal stage
Definition

2 months until birth

muscle and bone formation leads to movements

organs begin to function

Term
age of viability
Definition

22-26 weeks

baby can survive outside of mother

Term
Poor Maternal Nutrition
Definition

leads to:

birth defect, schizophrenia, heart disease, diabetes, obesity

Term
Drug use by mother
Definition

many drugs are able to pass through placenta

leads to:

miscarraige, premature birth, stillbirth, SIDs, ADHD, lower intelligence, antisocial and delinquent behavior, fetal alcohol syndrome

Term
Brain development
Definition

8 month old fetus has twice as many neurons as adults

produces 100000s more each minute

then they die as brain is shaped by enviorment

as we age, brain gets bigger

also get more interconnections

synaptic pruning

Term
Habituation
Definition
tendency for reaction to a single stimulus to wane over time
Term
Recovery
Definition

following habituation to one stimulus,the tendency for a second stim. to arous new interest

often used to test wether infants can discriminate between stim.

Term
Childhood- Motor development
Definition

prograssion of muscular coordination

cephalocaudal trend

proximodistal trend

both maturation and learning

cultural difs in rate of development

Term
Childhood- attachment
Definition

close emotional bonds between infants and caregivers

Infants biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers affectionate, protective response from adults

adults programmes to respond with warmth , love and protection

Term
Separation Anxiety
Definition

emotional distress when infants are separated from people to who there attached to

preferance for mother ususally begins at 6- 8 months

peaks around 14-18 months

Term
Secure attachment
Definition

play and explore comfertably with mother present

become upset when mom leaves, calmed by return

mothers usually sensitive and responsive to childs needs

Term
anxious- Ambivalent Attachment
Definition

anxious when mothers are near

become upset when mothers leaves, not calmed by mothers return

Term
Avoidant Attachment
Definition

Seek little contact with mothers

not very distressed when mother leaves

Term

Insecure Attachment

(Anxious Ambivalent or Avoidant)

Definition

mothers are relatively insenitive or inconsistent

infants who are particularly difficult

Term
Childhood- Language development
Definition

8 months- many children appear to understand familiar words

10-13 months- sounds that correspond to words

18 months- 3-50 words, receptive vocab larger than productive vocab, nouns before verbs in western cultures

Term
Telgraphic Speech
Definition

around 2 years

early sentences (give doll)

mainly content words

Term
Childhood- Stage Theories
Definition

developmental period during which charactersitic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established

individuals progress through stages in order

progress through stages related to age

deveplopment is marked by dramatic transitions

Term
Erikson's stage theory
Definition

eight psychosocial crises relating to transition in social relationships

perosnality shaped by result of crises

idealized description of typical development

does not apply to all

Term
Erickson's stage theory
Definition
[image]
Term
Childhood- Cognitive Development
Definition
patterns of thinking, reasoning, remembering, and problem solving
Term
Piaget's Stage Theory
Definition

interactions with enviorment and maturation gradually alter the way that children think

thought processes go through 4 major stages

 

 

 

 

Term
piagets stage theory
Definition
[image]
Term
Sensorimotor Period
Definition

birth- age 2

coordinate sensory input and motor input

symoblic thought

object permanence

Term
Preoperational Period
Definition

age 2-7

improved use of mental images

conservation not understood

flaws in thinking:

centration, irreversability, egocentrism, animism

Term
Concrete Operational
Definition

age 7-11

reversability

decentration

decline in egocentrism

gradual mastery of conservation

heirarchical classification

Term
Formal Operational Period
Definition

begins at 11

can apply operations to abstract concepts

systematic problem solving

Term
Vygostsky's Sociocultural Theory
Definition

childs development is feuled by social interactions with people who provide guidance

culture influences cognitive growth

language plays central role in fostering cognitive development

Term
Kohlberg's Stage Theory
Definition
[image]
Term
Puberty
Definition

marks begining of adolescence

growth spurt- may be triggered by leptin

sexual functions reach maturity

 

Term
Neural Development in Adolescence
Definition

neurons become myelinated

decreased gray matter

synaptic pruning

 

Term
Identitiy
Definition
[image]
Term
Emerging Adulthood
Definition

ages 18-25

feel inbetween adolescence and adulthood

"new" period becuase of delayed marriage, longer education, financial barriers to independence

optimism about future

self focused

not experienced in all cultures

Term
Marriage
Definition

average age has increased

difficult transition associated with different expectations

common problems:

work and marriage balance, finances

 

Term
Parenthood
Definition

more difficult transitions for females than males

marital satisfaction decreases

empty nest syndrome

Term
Neural Changes
Definition

loss and shrinking of active neurons

Dementia

Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, AIDS, etc

Term
Cognitive Changes
Definition

some decline in fluid intelligence in speed

little decline in crystalized intelligence

declines seen in episodic and working memory more than procedural and semantic memory

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!