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Chpt 86 - Pharmacology for Nursing Care
Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Tetracyclines, Macrolides, and Others
30
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2012

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Cards

Term
Is tetracycline a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic?
Definition
Broad-spectrum
Term
How do the tetracyclines suppress bacterial growth?
Definition
by inhibiting protein synthesis
Term
What are the therapeutic uses of tetracyclines?
Definition

1. treatment of infectious diseases

2. treatment of acne

3. peptic ulcer disease

4. periodontal disease

Term
Which diseases are tetracyclines first line drugs for?
Definition

1. rickettsial diseases such as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, typhus fever and Q fever

2. Chlamydia trachomatis induced infection

3. brucellosis

4. cholera

5. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

6. Lyme disease

7. anthrax

8. H. pylori gastric infection

Term
Which tetracyclines are eliminated through the kidney?
Definition

Short and intermediate acting tetracyclines such as Tetracycline and Demeclocycline

 

Term
Which tetracyclines are eliminated through the liver?
Definition
Long acting tetracyclines such as Doxycycline and Minocycline
Term
Which medication regimen are patients with H. pylori caused peptic ulcer disease given?
Definition
Tetracyclines in combination with metronidazole and bismuth subsalicylate
Term
Which tetracyclines are used for periodontal disease?
Definition
Doxycycline and Minocycline
Term
Which tetracycline is only used topically?
Definition
Minocycline
Term
Because calcium, iron and magnesium form insoluble chelates with tetracyclines, which food, medications, and supplements should they not be taken with?
Definition

1. calcium supplements

2. milk products (because they contain calcium)

3. iron supplements

4. magnesium-containing laxatives

5. most antacids (because they contain magnesium, aluminum, or both)

Term
Do tetracyclines penetrate the CSF?  The placenta?
Definition

They penetrate the CSF poorly and are not effective against meningeal infections.

 

They readily cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation.

Term
Which tetracyclines should not be given to patients with renal insufficiency?
Definition
Short acting Tetracycline and intermediate acting Demeclocycline
Term
Which tetracyclines are drugs of choice for tetracycline-responsive infections in patients with renal insufficiency?
Definition
Long acting tetracyclines such as Doxycycline or Minocycline
Term
What are some of the adverse effects of tetracycline therapy?
Definition

GI irritation (nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea

Yellow or brown discoloration in the teeth

Suppression of long bone growth in premature infants

suprainfection

hepatotoxicity

Renal toxicity

photosensitivity

 

Term
Which route of administration is preferred with tetracycline therapy?
Definition
Oral
Term
Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Definition
Bacteriostatic
Term
Which tetracyclines should be administered on an empty stomach?
Definition
Tetracycline, demeclocycline, and doxycycline
Term
Which species suprainfections can be caused by tetracycline therapy?
Definition
C. difficile and Candida albicans
Term
If a patient needs to take antacids while on tetracyclines, when should they be taken?
Definition
2 hours after the tetracycline dose
Term
How do macrolides get their name?
Definition
They are a big molecule
Term
Which macrolide is considered one of the safest antibiotics?
Definition
Erythromycin
Term
How can bacteria become resistant to macrolides?
Definition

1. production of a pump that exports the drug

2. modification of target ribosomes so that binding of erythromycin is impaired

Term
How is bacterial sensitivity to erythromycin determined?
Definition
By the ability of erythromycin to gain access to the cell interior
Term
Which diseases is erythromycin a preferred treatment for?
Definition

1. Legionella pneumophila

2. Bordetella pertussis

3. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

4. chlamydia

5. M. pneumoniae

 

Term
What is a major risk with Clindamycin?
Definition
Severe C. difficile associated diarrhea
Term
Which sort of infections is Clindamycin indicated for?
Definition
certain anaerobic infections located outside the CNS
Term
Which other antibiotics can Clindamycin act antagonistically with?
Definition
erythromycin and chloramphenicol
Term
Which infection is Clindamycin the drug of choice for?
Definition

Severe Group A Streptococcol infection and gas ganrene (caused by C. perfringens)

Abdominal and pelvic infections caused by B. fragilis

Term
What two pathogens is Linezolid particularly useful for?
Definition

vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

methicillin-resistant staphilococcus aureus (MRSA)

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