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Chpt 10 Stress Abreviated
Cards over stuff Dr. Walsh Said would be on test
69
Nursing
Kindergarten
12/02/2011

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Cards

Term
If one is challenged and is negatively affected, he/she is experiencing _____________
Definition
Stress
Term
T/F: Stress can contribute to disease
Definition
1
Term
Where might evidence of stress be perceived?
Definition
Cognition, emotion, behavior
Term
A pioneer of the effects of stress on the human body was?
Definition
Hans Selye
Term
Hans Selye injected ___________ extracts into _______ to observe the effects
Definition
Ovarian extracts, Rats
Term
3 of Hans Selye's findings in rats were highlighted. They were:
Definition
Enlargement of Adrenal Cortex, Thymic atrophy, Bleeding Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
Term
Why would adrenal cortex enlarge after chronic stress
Definition
Provide extra epinephrine
Term
Significance of Thymic Atrophy and how it relates to stress
Definition
Stress can cause Thymic Atrophy and affect immune system
Term
Stressors
Definition
Negative/noxious stimuli
Term
This syndrome is caused by stressors and is not specific to any type of stressor
Definition
General Adaptation Syndrome - originated by Hans Selye
Term
The General Adaptation Syndrome has 3 stages. They are . . .:
Definition
Alarm Stage, Stage of Resistance or Adaptation, and Stage of Exhaustion
Term
The arousal of the body's defenses would be what GAS stage?
Definition
Alarm stage
Term
In the alarm stage of GAS, what would happen?
Definition
The body's defenses would be aroused
Term
Fight or flight occurs in which GAS stage?
Definition
Resistance or Adaptation
Term
Resistance or adaptation in the GAS results in _____________
Definition
Mobilization: fight or flight
Term
The third and final stage of General Adaptation Syndrome is ______________
Definition
Exhaustion
Term
The GAS effects of exhaustion result in _______________
Definition
Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms.
Term
Breakdown of compensatory mechanisms can be found in which GAS stage? This process is similar to _________?
Definition
Exhaustion, Aging
Term
What body systems are mobilized during the alarm stage of GAS?
Definition
Defense
Term
When the body's defense system is mobilized during the Alarm Stage of the GAS, which endocrine system is highlighted?
Definition
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis - Stimulation activates the Sympathetic Nervous System
Term
When the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulates the SNS, these are released:
Definition
Catecholamines: norepi & epi
Term
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are categorized as _______________
Definition
Catecholamines
Term
During the Resistance/Adaptation Stage of the RAS, there is an increased level of these hormones:
Definition
Corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, & aldosterone
Term
The adrenal cortex does what during Resistance/Adaptation to stress?
Definition
It enlarges; becomes hyperactive
Term
Blood sugar does what in response to stress during the resistance/adaptation stage?
Definition
It increases - extra fuel.
Term
This stage of the GAS can be the onset of disease. What stage and why?
Definition
Stage of exhaustion. Body resources are becoming, or are depleted.
Term
The GAS stage of exhaustion occurs when in an organism?
Definition
When stress continues and/or adaptation was unsuccessful.
Term
Reactive, Anticipatory, and Conditional responses to stress are all _____________ mediators
Definition
Psychological
Term
Reactive responses occur in response to ______________________
Definition
psychologic stressors
Term
Anticipatory responses occur when anticipating a disruption in _______________
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
If an impeding disruption in homeostasis is perceived, this response occurs.
Definition
Anticipatory.
Term
Copious malted barley and hops
Definition
Makes really good beer: which we will all need as a solvent for the accumulated stress from finals week
Term
When one associates a stimuli with danger, he/she is having a ________________ response.
Definition
Conditional
Term
When one has conditional responses after suffering severe negative stimuli, they might have ________.
Definition
PTSD
Term
Pain, cold, trauma, hunger, electric shocks: these are all stressors called __________?
Definition
Noxious
Term
T/F: Non-noxious stressors would include pain, cold and/or your wedding
Definition
F: pain and cold would be noxious.
Term
Non-noxious stressor are often associated with?
Definition
Life events and excitement. (Wedding, life changes)
Term
T/F: Stress and disease are never related.
Definition
F: Stress can often precipitate or exacerbate disease.
Term
Which of the following is NOT exacerbated by stress?: Cardiac disease, Autoimmune disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Asthma
Definition
ALS wasn't listed by Dr. W, but it too can actually be worsened by stress. In addition, she notes irritable bowel, asthma and HIV progression. If it stresses you, it stresses your immune system.
Term
A general response that involves the central nervous & endocrine systems would a _____________?
Definition
Stress response
Term
What organ stimulates the pituitary gland?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
T/F: The anterior hypothalamus releases more hormones that the posterior?
Definition
F: The anterior pituitary releases more hormones
Term
T/F: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol
Definition
T: Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Term
T/F: In a stress situation, and in the presence of catecholemines, one's blood pressure should rise
Definition
T: Norepi. constricts peripheral blood vessels' smooth muscle causing BP to rise
Term
T/F: Norepi. is the principle catecholemine involved in metabolic regulation.
Definition
F: Epinephrine, it also has a greater effect on cardiac action.
Term
Hydrocortisone (synthetic) is similar to this hormone.
Definition
Cortisol
Term
Cortisol is activated by this hormone that is released from the Ant. Pituitary
Definition
ACTH
Term
The formation of glucose, stimulated by cortisol, is known as
Definition
Gluconeogenesis
Term
T/F: Cortisol breaks down fat in the abdomen
Definition
F: In the abdomen, cortisol is lipogenic, but in the extremities it DOES break-down fat
Term
The process by which cortisol breaks down fat is known as?
Definition
Lipolysis.
Term
Along with having anti-inflammatory properties, Cortisol also is an _________ __________.
Definition
Immunosuppressive Agent
Term
Cortisol Raises or Decreases blood glucose levels?
Definition
Raises
Term
Cortisone shots are similar to Cortisol and are useful in that they have these affects:
Definition
anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
Term
Cortisol affects these female hormones
Definition
Luteinizing hormone, Estradiol, Progesterone
Term
Estrogen stimulates the HPA Axis. The HPA Axis is the __________ ____________ _____________
Definition
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis - Stimulation activates the Sympathetic Nervous System
Term
These are referred to as endogenous opiates
Definition
Endorphins and Enkephalins
Term
Endorphins and Enkephalins are what? What do they do?
Definition
Proteins found in the brain. Increase feelings of excitement, well-being and euphoria. Decrease pain sensation.
Term
Runner's high is caused by what chemicals?
Definition
Endorphins and Enkephalins
Term
T/F: Men produce oxytocin.
Definition
T: While important in childbirth and lactation, both sexes generate Oxytocin during orgasm - it is associated with bonding and social attachments.
Term
Leydig cells secrete this hormone:
Definition
Testosterone
Term
This hormone decreases with stress, and is responsible for piggish behavior
Definition
Testosterone
Term
T/F: Testosterone causes men to buy flowers
Definition
T: Sure, we either were pigs and are apologizing, or, we're trying to be pigs. Go figure.
Term
T/F: Stress responses and perception of the stress vary from person to person
Definition
T: Individuals responded differently and to different degrees to stressors
Term
Psychologic distress (prolonged) increase/decrease a persons ability to mount an immune response?
Definition
Decrease.
Term
The process of managing stressful demands and challenges that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person is know as:
Definition
Coping
Term
An example of ineffective coping might be:
Definition
Excessive drinking, depression, binge eating, sleeping difficulties
Term
T/F: It is not important to one's overall health to cope, or manage stressful demand and challenges
Definition
F: If this one stumped you, we need to talk . . . .
Term
Increased Epi, Norepi, ADH, ACTH & Cortisol; Decreased testosterone, thyroxine. These are all seen in which life event?
Definition
Aging
Term
In general, aging has this affect on the immune system:
Definition
Immunodepression.
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