Shared Flashcard Set

Details

chp 7
photosynthesis
57
Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/15/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

photosynthesis

(occurs in chloroplasts)

 

Definition

organisms use the energy of light to build high energy organic molecules

plants alge and some bacteria

can make their own food using light

called photosynthetic autotrophs

light energy is transformed to chemical bond energy in the form of ATP

Term
during light capturing events, lights energy is captured by chlorophyll and other pigments resulting in
Definition
excited electrons
Term
the energy of these excited electrons is used during the light depedent reactions to diassociate water molecules
Definition
into hydrogen and oxygen and the oxygen is realeased
Term
also during the light dependent reactions ATP is produced and NADP picks up hydrogen
Definition
released from water to form NADPH
Term
during the light independent reactions ATP and NADPH are used to help combine carbon dixoide w/ a
Definition
5 carbon molecule so ultimately organic molecules such as glucose are produced
Term

chlorophyll

(the main photosynthetic pigment)

Definition

the green pigment located in the chloroplast of plant cells associated w/ trappin light energy

reflect green light

two forms; a and b

absorb in the blue and red portions of the spectrum

reflect green wavelengths

Term

a and b chlorophyll

(two most common type of chlorophyll)

Definition

both absorb strongly in the red and blue portions of the electromagnetic spectrum although in slightly different portions of the spectrum

this excites the electrons to grabs sunlight

Term

accessory pigments

(carotenoids)

Definition
photosynthetic pigments other than the chlorophylls enable an organism to use more colors of the visible light spectrum for photosynthesis(red) phycoyanin (blue)
Term

photosystems

 

photons of light energy -> excited electrons from chlrophyll

Definition

structures in which light capturing events takes place

found in thykaloid membranes

made up of antenna complexes and a reaction center

network of chlorophyll and accessory pigments

 

Term
chloroplast
Definition

energy converting membranes sac like organelles in plant cells containing green pigment chlorophyll

have two distinct regions w/in them granan and stroma

needed for photosynthesis

contains chlorophyll

Term
thykaloid
Definition
thin flat disk found in the chloroplast of plant cells that is the site of the light capturing events and dependent reactions of phtosynthesis
Term
grana
Definition

areas of the chloroplast membrane where chlorophyll molecules are concentrated

stacks of membrane sacs containing chlorophyll

Term
stroma
Definition

the region w/ in the chloroplast that has no chlorophyll

(spaces between the membranes)

Term

light energy+ carbon dioxide+ water-> glucose and oxygen

 

 

Photosynthesis has three steps

Definition

1. light caturing stage

2. light dependent reactions

3. light indenpendent stage

Term

light caturing stage

(light reaction)

electrons get excited and grabs the suns energy

Definition

Pgments (chlorophyll a, b & carotenoids) absorb sunlight energy to excit electrons

A cluster of such pigments is known as a photosystem

Term

light depedent stage

(light reactions)

Definition

excited electrons split water into H+ and O+

Excited electrons phosphorylate ADP into ATP

takes place in the thylakoids

 

Term

light indenpendent stage

(dark reaction)

takes place in the stroma (chloroplast)

Definition

 ATP and NAPH provide energy to build larger molecules from co2

co2 added to a 5carbon starter molecule ribose to make 6carbon molecule

RubisCo (ribulose biphosphate carboxylase) speeds this up

the 6carbon molecule is immediately split in two 3carbon molecules: PGAL

(phosphorglyceraldehyde)

 

PGAL enters the calvin cycle

PGAL can be used to make :

more ribulose

Glucose:carbohydrates:starch

Lipids

Proteins (when Nitrogen added)

Energy (if broken down)

Term

calvin cycle-carbon fixation

(carbon dioxide is said to undergo carbon fixation through the calvin cycle)

Definition

a cyclic sequence of reactions that make up the light independent reactions stage in photosynthesis.

makes proteins, glucose, starches and lipids. plants make food for us in this step. building things up (anabolism)

Term
what is the interelationship between autotrophs and hetero trophs
Definition

autotrophs are able to capture energy to manufacture new organic molecules from inorganic molecules

heterotrophs eat autotrophs. must have organic molecules as its starting points.

all organisms must do some form of respirationwhat are

Term
isotopes
Definition
two atoms w/ the same # of protons but a different # of neutrons
Term
more neutrons than protons makes
Definition

an isotope unstable

c12 stable   c14 unstable

 

Term

 

what are unstable isotopes used for

Definition
xrays, carbon dating, and radiation therapy
Term
all channels that allow water through is
Definition

made of proteins

anything w/ a charge need a channel to go through the gate

Term
which enzyme is responsible for creating ATP molecule in ETS
Definition
ATP synthetase
Term
smooth er makes and breaks lipids just as the liver
Definition
the liver packages w/ smooth ER
Term
what enzyme breaks apart
Definition

hydrolase

lipase

amilase

maltase

proteinase

demanase

catalase

peptitase

deaminase

 

Term
enzymes that put together
Definition

amylase

dehydration synthase

anabolaze

polymerase

Term
enzymes only function properly when they
Definition
have the correct shape
Term
peptide
Definition
is a protein the smallest piece of a protein is an amino acid
Term
what do we call an amino group and a carbohydrate together
Definition
urea
Term
what kind of proteins that can get denatured can kill you
Definition
enzymes
Term

[H+]  8 to 5  [OH-]

weak base weak acid

Definition
each # you jump is 10x changing the concentration of h's. the lower the # the more #'s you have
Term

what makes acids and bases strong or weak?

base end in OH

exceptions: NH3  HCO

Definition
how fast they disassociate
Term
during what step of cellular respiration do we make lactic acid
Definition
glycolysis
Term

phtosynthesis

 

 

 

 

cellular respiration

Definition

make glucose

 

 

 

 

using glucose

Term
what molecules makes sure everything is at the right place @ the right time
Definition
enzyme
Term
cheek cells are classified as
Definition
stratified squarmous
Term
always start @
Definition
4 times lens sees a much wider field of view. larger lens has a very narrow field of view
Term
want to use the smallest objective lens 1st because
Definition

you have the largest fild of view. look into a microscope

e will be upsidedown and backwards

Term
bacteria types
Definition
[image]
Term
microscope
Definition
[image]
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
[image]
Term
calvin cycle
Definition
[image]
Term
when you put a slide under the microscope what is the  1st two correct procedures to see the image
Definition

use 4x magnification

use the course focus

Term
DNA is
Definition
sugar and phosphate (ribose) with a nitrogenous base
Term
four kinds of nitrogenous bases. will have a defect if the bases are in the wrong places
Definition

adenine, thyamine, siteousine guanine

 

  A  

::

T

 

C

:::

G

Term
the are 46 chromosomes in all the cells in the body
Definition
they tell cells what to do. blueprint for body
Term
what makes proteins
Definition
ribosomes. located on rough ER and Freely floating
Term
DNA
Definition
word made up of 3 bases, triplet
Term
mRNA
Definition
word written in a language with 3 letters called codon
Term
tRNA
Definition

word written in a language with 3 letters called anticodon

(transfes amino acids)

every tRNA with a specific code picks up a specific amino acid.

Term
gene
Definition
codes for one protein
Term
DNA
Definition
keeps a blueprint of what yo uare. tells the cells what to do.
Term
all cells make
Definition
proteins
Term
protein synthesis
Definition

takes place in the nuclous

(tells cells to make proteins so it can what it does)

1st step transcription

2nd step translation

Term

step 1 of protein synthesis  

transcription

Definition
makes mRNA strand
Term

step 2 of protein synthesis 

translation

Definition
Mrna lands on ribose w/ the help of tRNA. tRNA helps bring ribosome in amino acids
Supporting users have an ad free experience!