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Chp 1-15
final exam
93
Science
6th Grade
06/04/2008

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
topography
Definition
the shape of land
Term
elevation
Definition
height above sea level on Earth's surface
Term
landform
Definition
feature of topography formed by the process that shape Earth's surface
Term
relief
Definition
the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area
Term
latitude
Definition
distance in degress north or south of the equator
Term
longitude
Definition
distance in degress east or west from the prime meridian
Term
contour line
Definition
connects points of equal elevation on a map
Term
contour interval
Definition
the change in elevation from contour line to contour line
Term
crystal
Definition
the repeating pattern of a mineral's particlesthat form a solid
Term
streak
Definition
a mineral's color of its powder
Term
luster
Definition
how a mineral reflects light from the surface
Term
cleavage
Definition
a mineral that splits easily along a flat surface
Term
Mohs hardness scale
Definition
this scale ranks minerals from 1-10, softest to hardest
Term
mineral
Definition
a naturally occuring inorganic solid that has a crystal structureand a definite chemical composition
Term
fracture
Definition
describes how a mineral parts when it parts in an irregular way
Term

Density

Definition
the mass in a given space, or mass volume per unit
Term
Magma
Definition
molten material from the mantle that hardens to form rock
Term
Lava
Definition
is magma that reaches the surface
Term
Alloy
Definition
a solid mixture of two or more metals
Term
Grain
Definition
made up of particles of minerals or other rocks
Term
Igneous rock
Definition
forms from the cooling of molten rock- ethier magma below the surface or lava at the surface
Term
Sedimentary rock
Definition
forms when particles of other rocks orthe remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented to gether
Term
Metamorpic rock
Definition
formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
Term
Extrusive rock
Definition
igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earht's surface
Term
Intrusive rock
Definition
igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface
Term
Texture
Definition
the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains
Term
Erosion
Definition

occurs when running wateror windlossenand carry away the fragments of rock

Term
Deposition
Definition
the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
Term
Foliated
Definition
metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in paralel layers or bands
Term
Lithosphere
Definition
the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer
Term
Asthenosphere
Definition
is a soft, tar-like layer below the lithosphere
Term
Crust
Definition
layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin
Term
Mantle
Definition
a layer of hot rock below the boundary
Term
Outer core
Definition
layer of molten metal that surronds the inner core
Term
Inner core
Definition
dense ball of solid metal- extreme pressures squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much that they cannot spread out
Term
Heat transfer
Definition
the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
Term
Radiation
Definition
the transfer of energy through empty space
Term
Conduction
Definition
heat transferby directcontac of particles of matter
Term
Convection
Definition
heat tran by the movement of heatd fluid
Term
Silica
Definition
material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; found in magma
Term
Pangaea
Definition
what the continents were called when they were all together
Term
Mid-ocean ridge
Definition
the longest chain of mountains in the world in the East Pacific Ridge
Term
Subduction
Definition
the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle
Term
Plate
Definition
the parts in which the lithosphere is broken into
Term
Plate tectonics
Definition
the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
Term
Fault
Definition
breaks in Earth's crustwhere rocks have slipped past each other
Term

Rift valley

Definition
a deep valley that forms along the divergent boundary
Term
Divergent boundary
Definition
the place where two plates move apart, or diverge
Term
Convergent boundary
Definition
the place where two plates come together, or converge
Term
Transform boundary
Definition
place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions
Term
Earthquake
Definition
the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of Earth's plate
Term
Stress
Definition
a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
Term
Compression
Definition
the stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
Term
Tension
Definition
the stress force that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
Term
Shearing
Definition
the stress force that pushes rock in two opposite directions
Term
Focus
Definition
the point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks
Term
Epicenter
Definition
the point on the surface directly above the focus
Term
Seismic waves
Definition
vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy realesed during an earthquake
Term
Liquefaction
Definition
occurs when an earthquakes viloent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud
Term
Volcano
Definition
weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface
Term
Magma
Definition
a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases and water vapor from the mantle
Term
Ring of Fire
Definition

formed by the many volcanos that rim the Pacific Ocean

Term
Island Arc
Definition
resulting volcanos that create a string of islands
Term
Pyroclastic flow
Definition
occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out ash, cinders, and bombs as well as gases
Term
Geothermal energy
Definition
water heated by magma that provides a clean, realible energy source
Term
Shield volcano
Definition

a wide, gently sloping mountain formed by thin layers of lava

Term
Cinder cone volcano
Definition
a steep, cone, shaped hill or mountain formed by ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around the vent
Term
Composite volcano
Definition
tall, cone-shaped mountainsin which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash
Term
Batholith
Definition

forms when a body of magma cools inside the crust

Term
Weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances
Term
Erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by the wind,water,ice, or gravity
Term
Bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
Topsoil
Definition
a  soil that is a mixture of hums, clay, and other minerals
Term
Abrasion
Definition
refers to the grinding away fo rock by rock particles carried by ice, water, wind, or gravitiy
Term

Desertfiction

Definition
the advance of desertlike conditions into areas that previously were fertile
Term
Runoff
Definition
all the remaining water that moves over Earth's surface
Term
Tributary
Definition

a stream that flows into a larger stream

 

Term
alluvial fan
Definition
a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range
Term
Flood plain
Definition
the flat, wide area of land along a river
Term
Meander
Definition
a looplike bend in the course in a river
Term
Delta
Definition
sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
Term
Glacier
Definition
any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Term
Moraine
Definition
the till deposited at the edges of a glacier forms a ridge
Term
Beach
Definition
an area of wave-washed sediment along a coast
Term
Longshore drift
Definition
when repeated waves hit the beach, some of the beach sediment moves down the beach with the current
Term
Deflation
Definition
the process by which wind removes surface materials
Term
Atmosphere
Definition
the layer of gases that surronds the planet
Term
Air pressure
Definition
the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area
Term
Troposphere
Definition
where Earth's weather occurs
Term
Stratosphere
Definition
the ozone layer asorbs ultraviolet radiation
Term
Mesosphere
Definition
most meteroids burn up here, creating meteor trails
Term
Thermosphere
Definition
it extends from Earth and outward to space, it has no definite limit
Term
Ionosphere
Definition
ions in here reflect radio waves back to Earth
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