Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cholinergic Blocking Agents
N/A
20
Accounting
Pre-School
09/23/2009

Additional Accounting Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ATROPINE
Definition
  • PROTOTYPE muscarinic antagonist
  • 2-4 hour half life
  • can penetrate CNS
  • dilates pupil, reduces GI secretion/motility, inc fever/delirium, inc flushing, tachycardia, bronchial relaxation
  • preanesthetic to reduce secretions and induce amnesia
Term
ATROPINE side effects
Definition
  • blocks parasympathetic so: dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased sweating
  • atropine blush due to vasodilation
  • Poisoning: parasympathetic blockade
  • can treat w/ physostigmine
Term
SCOPOLAMINE
Definition
  • muscarinic blocker: greater CNS action than atropine
  • otherwise similar to atropine
  • preanesthetic
  • antimotion sickness agent transdermally
  • treatment in parkinsons
Term
propantheline
Definition
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • does NOT cross BBB
  • rarely used but in peptic ulcer disease
Term
IPRATROPIUM
Definition
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • INHALATION in reversible airway disease
Term
HEXAMETHONIUM
Definition
  • ganglionic blocking drug
  • SE: constipation, bladder atony, cycloplegia, ↓sweating, and tachycardia
  • of historical interest
Term
competitive (nondepolarizing) motor end-plate blockade
Definition
prevent depolarization by competing for NM receptors
Term
d-TUBOCURARINE
Definition
  • IV
  • 20-40 min duration of action
  • releases histamine
  • SE: sequence of paralysis
  • small rapid muscles (eyes,ears,etc) > limbs, neck > intercostals > diaphragm
Term
ATRACURIUM
Definition
  • motor end-plate blockade
  • similar to d-tubocurarine
  • presently popular
Term
Depolarizing motor end-plate blockade
Definition
  • nicotinic agonists that cause persistent depolarization
  • prevent repolarization
  • produce transient contraction of skeletal muscles
  • may change to "phase II block" which is both competetive and depolarizing therefore slow mechanism for recovery
Term
SUCCINYLCHOLINE
Definition
  • depolarizing motor end-plate blockade
  • 2-3 min action
  • IV drip
  • rapidly inactivated by cholinesterase
  • action more prolonged when plasma/liver cholinesterases are deficient
  • Clinical use: adjunct in anesthesia, orthopedic procedures, facilitate intubation (all by muscle relaxant), electroshock therapy
Term
NMJ blockade drug interactions
Definition
  • volatile anesthetics tend to increase blockade induced by competitive NMJ blockers (reduce effects of depolarization agents)
  • cholinesterase inhibitors antagonize competitive agents and potentiate depolarizing agents
  • some antibiotics can potentiate depolarization
  • calcium channel blockers enhance the blockade
Term
NMJ blockers disease interactions
Definition
  • myasthenia gravis - very sensitive to nondepolarizing --> diagnostic
  • reduced plasma cholinesterase - prolonged apnea w/ succinylcholine
  • malignant hyperthermia - halothane + succinylcholine --> muscular rigidity and fever spike --> deadly
  • extensive soft tissue damage - succinylcholine can exacerbate potential hyperkalemia
Term
Acute congestive glaucoma - close angle
Definition

Angle is shallow but still allows normal flow of aqueous humor.

 

Closure results in blockage and rise in IOP

 

Immediate tx needed:

  • pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) or physostigmine (AChesterase inhibitor) given topically short term
  • surgery needed asap
Term
Chronic simple glaucoma - open angle
Definition
More common form; flow reduced for unknown reasons but it occurs gradually
Term
TIMOLOL
Definition
  • chronic glaucoma
  • beta1-adrenergic antagonist
  • inhibits secretion
  • DRUG OF CHOICE
Term
BRIMONIDINE
Definition
  • chronic glaucoma
  • alpha2 agonist
  • inhibits secretion and increases uveoscleral outflow
  • also prvents loss of retinal ganglion cells
Term
DORZOLAMIDE
Definition
  • chronic glaucoma
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • decreased secretion
  • it is a sulfa drug (allergies!)
Term
LATANOPROST
Definition
  • chronic glaucoma
  • prostaglandin analog (FP receptor)
  • increases uveoscleral outflow
Term
BIMATOPROST
Definition
  • chronic glaucoma
  • Prostamide (prostaglandin-ethanolamide)
  • increases trabecular and uveoscleral outflow
  • Most efficacious anti-glaucoma drug
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