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Child Psych - Exam 4
Part 2
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/30/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How does the dynamic systems approach help us understand development across domains?
Definition
proposes that there are many factors acting and interacting to influence development at anyone time. These factors can include both internal and external factors (physical, cognitive, emotional, social, motivational, family, siblings, peers, as well as neural and chemical states)
Term
How does the debate about nature and nurture relate to development of emotions?
Definition
Are emotions innate reactions, or learned responses? The answer as always is both. We can all identify the emotions of a baby before they have any social interference.
Term
the three components of emotions
Definition
-Physiological
-Expressive
-Experiential
Term
Physiological
Definition
Changes in central and autonomic nervous system
Term
Expressive
Definition
Outward display that signals the emotion (always?)
Term
Experiential
Definition
Subjective feeling or cognitive judgment of emotion.
Term
the six basic emotions
Definition
anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise.
Term
self-conscious emotions
Definition
emotions that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others feelings.
Term
reasons that research on emotional development is important
Definition
Emotions are important for the fundamental tasks of survival, adaptation, and development.
Term
the three categories of temperament proposed by Chess and Thomas
Definition
-Easy Child
-Difficult Child
-Slow to warm-up child
Term
the two categories of temperament proposed by Kagan and Colleagues
Definition
-Inhibited children
-Uninhibited children
Term
Inhibited Children
Definition
Wairness to new people, objects, and places
Term
Uninhibited Children
Definition
Interest, curiosity, sociability.
Term
Rothbart's model of temperment
Definition
infants differ in reactivity (arousal level following stimulation) and in their ability to self-regulate these reactions.
Term
the two main processes proposed in Rothbart’s model of temperament
Definition
-Reactivity
-Self-regulation
Term
the primary biological bases of temperament
Definition
based on differences in limbic system responsiveness, or differences in CNS activity and ANS activity.
Term
two parts of the limbic system underlie the processes in Rothbart’s model of T
Definition
-Amygdala
-Frontal Reigons
Term
Amygdala
Definition
Plays key role in the response to negative events, reactivity
Term
Frontal Regions
Definition
Develop and exert control over amygdala and hippocampus to reduce reactivity to external and internal events.
Term
eight dimensions of temperament
Definition
-Activity levels
-Sensitivity
-Initial reaction
-Intensity
-Adaptability
-Distractibility
-Mood
Term
Sister's temperment
Definition
-Sensitivity
-Initial reaction
-Intensity
-Adaptability
Term
What is the strange situation designed to measure?
Definition
designed to measure the response and reactivity of the infant along different variables
Term
The Strange Situation
Definition
an interactive situation where the mother leaves and a stranger comes in and the mother comes back.
Term
three characteristics of a securely attached child
Definition
-Child reacts positively to a stranger as long as mother is present.
-Gets upset when mother leaves and is unlikely to be consoled by a stranger.
-Calms down as soon as mother reappears
Term
are four causes of variations in attachment
Definition
-Parental Behaviors
-Characteristics of the child
-Family influences
-Cultural Influences
Term
evidence for a sensitive period for emotional development
Definition
Harlow’s monkey’s.
Term
domains of development are being explored in the Romanian orphanage study
Definition
-Physical
-Cognitive
-Social
-Emotional
-EEG/ERPs
Term
the two main models of depression
Definition
-Biopsychosocial model
-Diathesis-stress model
Term
Biopsychosocial Model of Depression
Definition
Biological, psychological, and social factors can act and interact to cause depression.
Term
Diathesis-stress model of Depression
Definition
Preexisting vulnerability (multiples?) are triggered by stressful events.
Term
three potential factors thought to account for these sex differences
Definition
-Gender Image Intensification
-Dramatic increase when females hit Tanner 2 stage
-Adolesence can be stressful
Term
Acute Stress
Definition
Happens when something significant happens to excite your brain and body. This is your body’s reaction to a significant threat, challenge, or scare.
Term
Chronic Stress
Definition
Causes a nonstop release of stress hormones into your bloodstream and body. It is this continuous release of chemicals that puts your body in perpetual overdrive, ready at every moment to fight off an animal/attacker
Term
What are the 3 main areas related to depression (brain)
Definition
-Amygdala (activating cortisol)
-Hippocampus (inhibiting cortisol)
Term
How does the diathesis-stress model account for the onset and downward spiral of depression?
Definition
That chronic stress can lead to damage/necrosis in the hippocampus, which makes it difficult to inhibit cortisol. Vulnerabilities mean that stress can push some people over a lowered threshold and into a downward spiral that is very difficult to pull out of.
Term
SSRI
Definition
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
They cause release and block reuptake to produce elevated levels of 5-HT.
Term
Internalizing
Definition
The long-term process of consolidating and embedding one’s own beliefs, attitudes, and values, when it comes to moral behavior.
Term
Externalizing
Definition
To put something outside of its original borders, espescially to put a human function outside of the human body. For example, by making excuses, we can externalize the guilt associated with our actions.
Term
primary reinforcer
Definition
Occur naturally and do not need to be learned, like water, food, sleep, and air.
Term
secondary reinforcer
Definition
A situation in which a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforce. So we like money because it can provide us with food.
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