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Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Hyper kids!
43
Medical
Graduate
11/03/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the incidence of psychatric disorders in kids?
Definition
10%
Term
What is the typical etiology of child psychiatric disorders?
Definition
Familial
Chronic

More morbidity
Term
What are the two approaches to child and adolescent assessment?
Definition
Developmental: how does this kid stack up against everyone else

Medical: specific signs and symptoms used to diagnose a kid with a certain problem; use the DSM
Term
If a kid has a psychiatric disorder, what should you do?
Definition
Give them medications: they increase a kid's ability to participate and benefit from other therapies
Term
Compared to adults, how do kids metabolize meds? What does this lead to?
Definition
They metabolize meds more effectively

They get higher peak and lower trough levels
Term
What are the different kinds of disruptive behavior disorders in kids?
Definition
ADHD
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Term
Abnormalities in what three areas led to a diagnosis of ADHD?
Definition
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Term
What's the incidence of ADHD? Does it persist?
Definition
3-5 of school age children

Yes,it does...70% go into adulthood with it.
Term
Are males or females more likely to get ADHD?
Definition
Males
Term
What areas of the brain are involved in ADHD?
Definition
Prefrontal cortex: smaller volumes

Leads to a lack of inhibition

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

Striatum
Term
What is the treatment for ADHD?
Definition
Medications: stimulants are the most effective
Term
What is the definition of oppositional defiant disorder?
Definition
Persistent pattern of tantrums, arguing, and angry or disruptive behaviors toward family and other authority figures
Term
What is the gestalt of oppositional defiant disorder?
Definition
Basically, a very naughty kid
Term
What is the definition of conduct disorder?
Definition
Kids aren't just naughty, they're committing crimes

-Aggression to people and animals
-Destruction of property
-Deceitfulness, lying, stealing
-Lawbreaking
Term
What are the mood disorders that are found in kids?
Definition
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
Term
What does depression present like in kids?
Definition
Irritable mood
Loss of interest
School decline
Term
What's the incidence of depression across childhood?
Definition
.3% preshool
1-2% school age
5% adolescent
Term
What is the treatment of major depressive disorder in kids?
Definition
Psychotherapy
Medication
Term
What is the most common type of psychiatric disorder in kids?
Definition
Anxiety disorders
Term
What are the different kinds of anxiety disorders that kids can get?
Definition
Separation anxiety disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Social phobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Term
What is the definition of separation anxiety disorder/
Definition
Marked/excesive anxiety around separation from major attachment figures - worry about parent's health, safety, whereabouts
Term
What are the demographics of separation anxiety disorder?
Definition
4% school age/ 1% adolescents

Boys=girls
Term
What are some of the pervasive developmental disorders that kids present with?
Definition
Autistic disorder
Asperger's disorder
Rett's disorder
Child disintegrative disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder
Term
What impairments are present in autism?
Definition
Social interaction - poor eye contact

Communication - language delay

Restricted, stereotyped, and repetitive patterns of behavior
Term
What are the demographics of autism?
Definition
Happens before age 3

MOSTLY MALES - 4:1
Term
What are some comorbidities of autism?
Definition
Mental retardation

Comorbid seizure disorder in 1/3
Term
What are some risk factors for autism?
Definition
Advanced maternal age
Fragile X syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Term
If a mom has a kid with autism, what is the risk that the next has it, too?
Definition
20-50 times higher risk.
Term
In the brain, where are there defects that can lead to autism?
Definition
Fusiform face area

Right anterior area
Term
What is the definition of Asperger's disorder?
Definition
Impaired social reciprocity
Retricted behavior/interests
No language deay

They sound like a "little professor"
Term
What comorbidities are associated with autism but not asperger's?
Definition
Mental retardation
Seizures
Term
What kinds of people can get Rett's disorder?
Definition
Girls!
Term
What is a typical case presentation of Rett's disorder?
Definition
Normal development through five months-->severe regression

Stereotyped hand movements: hand wringing
Term
What abnormalities are associated with Rett's disorder?
Definition
Small head circumference
Term
What mutation underlies Rett's syndrome?
Definition
Mecp2
Term
What is the definition of childhood disintegrative diosrder?
Definition
Normal development for two years then severe regression across multiple domains

Rare.
Term
What is the definition of mental retardation?
Definition
Subaverage IQ (<70) with impairments in:

-Communication
-Self-care
-Home living
-Social/interpersonal skills
Term
Are males or females more likely to get reading disorder? Mathematics disorder?
Definition
Reading: males
Mathematics: equally likely
Term
What is the definition of a learning disorder/
Definition
Academic performance significantly less than predicted by IQ
Term
What are the elimination disorders?
Definition
Enuresis
Encopresis
Term
What is the definition of enuresis?
Definition
Five years old
Peeing when they shouldn't
Term
What is the definition of encopresis?
Definition
At least 4
Can't poop

Sometimes, You can have the case where the rectum is enlarged with stool that can't pass. You then get diarrhea overflowing out the body.
Term
What are some of the other disorders of childhood?
Definition
Selective mutism
Reactive attachment disorder
Eating disorders
Feeding and eating disorders of infancy
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