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Chemistry- Amino Acids and Proteins
Test 2
49
Medical
Undergraduate 4
09/16/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the two basic components of an amino acid?
Definition
amino group and carboxylic acid
Term
What are proteins made up of?
Definition
amino acids
Term
What amino acid is a risk factor for cardiac problems and osteoporosis?
Definition
homocysteine
Term
What helps to lower homocysteine levels?
Definition
folic acid
Term
What amino acid is used in Japan to treat peptic ulcers?
Definition
Glutamine
Term
Where in the digestive tract are amino acids absorbed into blood?
Definition
jejunum
Term
Describe the breakdown of amino acids?
Definition
amino acids are deaminated to give ammonia which is converted to urea excreted by kidneys
Term
What are two examples of aminoacidurias caused by overflow?
Definition
PKU- phenylketonuria, and maple syrup urine disease
Term
What is another name for branched chain ketoaciduria?
Definition
maple syrup urine disease
Term
What is the plasma level of amino acids in renal aminoaciduria?
Definition
normal
Term
What disease is characterized by an inability to metabolize phenylalanine and could cause mental retardation?
Definition
phenylketonuria- PKU
Term
What amino acid is associated with PKU?
Definition
phenylalanine
Term
What amino acids are associated with maple syrup urine disease?
Definition
leucine, isoleucine and valine
Term
What amino acid is associated with homocystinuria?
Definition
cysteine
Term
What are the three congenital amino acid disorders screened for in newborns in Louisiana?
Definition
PKU, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria
Term
What is the primary level of structure of an amino acid?
Definition
amino acid sequence- covalent peptide bonds
Term
What is the secondary structure of an amino acid?
Definition
chains fold into coils or helices- H bonds
Term
What is the tertiary structure of amino acids?
Definition
3-D orientation in space- hydrophobic, hydrophilic and disulfide bonds
Term
What is the quaternary structure of amino acids?
Definition
subunit arrangement
Term
What kind of bonds are associated with secondary structure?
Definition
H-bonds
Term
What kind of bonds are associated with primary structure?
Definition
covalent peptide bonds
Term
What kind of bonds are associated with tertiary structure?
Definition
hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and disulfide bonds
Term
Where are most plasma proteins synthesized?
Definition
in the liver
Term
Where do most immunoglobulins originate from?
Definition
plasma cells in bone marrow
Term
What are three examples of plasma proteins that are used for transport?
Definition
hemoglobin, transferrin, TBG
Term
What plasma protein is used for coagulation?
Definition
fibrinogen
Term
What plasma protein functions to regulate osmotic balance?
Definition
albumin
Term
What are the 7 functions of plasma proteins?
Definition
nutritive role, transport, immunity, coagulation, regulation of osmotic balance, maintenance of acid-base balance, enzymes
Term
What units is total protein measured in?
Definition
grams
Term
What is the reference method for measurement of total protein?
Definition
Kjeldahl
Term
What method is commonly used for measurement of total protein?
Definition
Biuret reaction
Term
What wavelength is used in the Biuret method of measuring total protein?
Definition
540 nm
Term
Beta gamma bridging is diagnostic of what disease?
Definition
acute cirrhosis
Term
Elevated a2 and decrease in all others indicates what disease?
Definition
nephrotic syndrome
Term
Does parasitic infestation increase or decrease serum protein?
Definition
increases- hyperproteinemia
Term
Does nephrotic syndrome increase or decrease serum proteins?
Definition
decrease- hypoproteinemia
Term
Does chronic inflammatory disease increase or decrease serum proteins?
Definition
increase- hyperproteinemia
Term
What are the five bands in serum protein electrophoresis?
Definition
albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, gamma
Term
What is the main cause of proteinuria?
Definition
renal problems
Term
What are two problems in the nephron that could cause proteinuria?
Definition
increased glomerular permeability, defective tubular reabsorption
Term
What is the qualitative method for measurement of urine proteins?
Definition
Dipstick
Term
What two dyes are used for quantitative measure of urine protein?
Definition
coomassie brilliant blue, Ponceau S
Term
What are the two methods of quantitative measure of urine proteins?
Definition
Turbimetric and Dyes
Term
Albumin makes up what percent of total protein?
Definition
55-65%
Term
What percent of calcium is bound by albumin?
Definition
45%
Term
For every drop in albumin of 1 g/dL, how much of a drop in calcium would you expect?
Definition
1 mg/dL
Term
Which protein can be used to monitor long term nutritional status?
Definition
albumin
Term
What are the two tests used to measure microalbumin?
Definition
immunoassay or chromatography
Term
What is microalbumin used for?
Definition
early detection of diabetic renal disease
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