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chemistry
chemistry words
50
Chemistry
8th Grade
10/24/2012

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Term
chemistry
Definition
the study of matter
Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
chemical symbol
Definition
using one or two letters to represent an element; 1st one capital all others lower case
Term
solution
Definition
mixture in which particles of different substances are evenly mixed
Term
proton
Definition
positively charged atomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom
Term
solid
Definition
phase of matter with a definite shape and volume; particles are barely moving (vibrating)
Term
pure substance
Definition
a substance that is the same throughout; elements and compounds are examples
Term
liquid
Definition
phase of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape; particles are moving quickly and slip past one another
Term
chemical formula
Definition
group of symbols for a compound that show the kind and number of atoms
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged atomic particle found orbiting the nucleus
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest piece of an element that cannot be broken down
Term
element
Definition
pure substance made up of one kind of atom (found on the Periodic Table
Term
mixture
Definition
matter made up of 2 or more different substances - substances do not change
Term
neutron
Definition
atomic particle with no charge - found in the nucleus of the atom
Term
electron cloud model
Definition
most recent theory of atomic structure
electrons move around the outside of the nucleus
Term
molecule
Definition
2 or more atoms, chemically combined (can be the same type of atoms or different)
Term
nucleus
Definition
central core of an atom; protons and neutrons found here; makes up most of the mass of an atom
Term
plasma
Definition
phase of matter with no definite shape or volume; particles are electrically charged and moving quicker than a gas
Term
compound
Definition
substance made of 2 or more kinds of atoms, chemically combined, always in the same ratio
Term
gas
Definition
phase of matter with no definite shape or volume; particles are moving so quickly some escape the substance
Term
Periodic Table of the Elements
Definition
organized chart that lists all known elements and information about them
Term
melting
Definition
transition from a solid to a liquid by adding energy (ice cube turns to liquid)
Term
solidification
Definition
transition from a liquid to a solid by taking away energy (water freezes)
Term
condensation
Definition
transition from gas to a liquid by taking away energy (sweat on a cold glass)
Term
vaporization
Definition
transition from a liquid to a gas by adding energy and going through the boiling point (water boiling on the stove)
Term
evaporation
Definition
transition from liquid to a gas on the surface of the liquid without reaching boiling point
Term
deposition
Definition
transition from a gas to a solid without going through liquid phase by taking away energy (frost)
Term
sublimation
Definition
transition from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase by adding energy (dry ice getting smaller)
Term
homogeneous mixture
Definition
substance in which components are evenly mixed - same throughout
(milk)
Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition
substance in which components are not evenly mixed - not the same throughout (trail mix)
Term
colloid
Definition
mixture in which particles are mixed by not dissolved (shaving cream, paint, gelatin, smoke, fog)
Term
suspension
Definition
heterogeneous mixture in which some particles settle out (Italian salad dressing, silty river water)
Term
solute
Definition
substance that is dissolved in another substance (salt dissolved in water)
Term
solvent
Definition
substance that does the dissolving (water in a salt water solution)
Term
universal solvent
Definition
water - because it dissolves so many things
Term
solubility
Definition
measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent at a specific temperature
Term
saturated
Definition
a solution that has dissolved all the solute it can hold at a specific temperature
Term
unsaturated
Definition
substance that can dissolve more solute
Term
supersaturated
Definition
a solution that contains more solute than normal at a specific temperature
Term
alloy
Definition
metals in which two or more solids are dissolved together (bronze, brass, stainless steel)
Term
dilute
Definition
solution that has a small amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent
Term
concentrated
Definition
solution that contains a large amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent
Term
chemical property
Definition
trait that explains how matter reacts or doesn't react with other matter (examples: reactivity and flammability)
Term
density
Definition
amount of matter in a certain amount of space (mass/volume)
Term
flammability
Definition
ability to burn
Term
physical property
Definition
trait that can be observed without changing or trying to chance a substance (ex: texture, shape, mass, volume)
Term
volume
Definition
amount of space something takes up
can use: length x width x height
or using water displacement to determine
Term
property
Definition
trait or characteristic of matter
Term
reactivity
Definition
ability to combine with other matter
Term
mass
Definition
amount of matter in a substance
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