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chemistry
naming compounds
35
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2012

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Term
Binary Covalent Compounds
Definition

Two nonmetals

 
Term
Binary Covalent Compounds
Definition

The first word is the name of the least electronegative element. 

The second word is the root of the most electronegative elements + "-ide". 

 
Term
Binary Covalent Compounds
Definition

*The prefix "mono" is only used with the second element, never the first. 

All other prefixes are used for both first and second elements in the formula, as needed

Term
mono
Definition
Term
di
Definition
Term
tri
Definition
Term
tetra     
Definition
Term
penta
Definition
Term
hexa
Definition
Term
hepta
Definition
Term
octa       
Definition
Term
deca
Definition
10 
Term
ammonia = nitrogen trihydride
Definition
NH3 
Term
hydrogen peroxide = dihydrogen  dioxide
Definition
H2O2
Term
ozone  (another form of elemental oxygen
Definition
O3 
Term
Binary Ionic Compounds
Definition
A metal plus a nonmetal
Term

. A metal plus a nonmetal

 
Definition

The first word is the name  of the METAL element. 

 

The second word is the root of the non Metal element + "-ide". 

 
Term

. Constant charge monatomic cations

 
Definition

Many common elements that form cations only form one cation. 

 

Metallic elements in the first two columns of the periodic table, 

Elements in the third column form one cation each.

 
Term
Constant charge monatomic anions
Definition

Elements in the last four columns of the periodic table often form anions (EXCEPT for the noble gases, which don't form ions). 

 

The name of the ion is the root of the element name with "-ide" attached.

 

Term
Variable charge monatomic cations
Definition

Many metal elements form two, or even three, different cations. 

 

The charge can be determined from the formula. 

Memorize the following common ions and their possible charges. 

Ions in this case are named with the actual charge as part of the name. 

The charge is given by Roman numerals in parentheses

Term

1. Constant charge polyatomic cations

 

Definition

There is one common cation made up of two elements: the ammonium ion, NH4+. 

 

It is named "ammonium" when it occurs in a compound. The ions comes from ammonia, NH3

 
Term
Most polyatomic anions 
Definition
have suffix "-ate" or "-ite". A few end in "-ide". 
Term
ate
Definition
"an element + some oxygens" with the most oxygens ends in 
Term
ite
Definition
 the anion "an element + some oxygens" with the least oxygens ends in
Term

hydrogen carbonate ion

 
Definition
Many of the polyatomic anions that have a charge larger than one can also combine with hydrogen. The ion is now named as 
Term
"dihydrogen + anion" and the charge changes by two.
Definition
If two hydrogens are present, we have 
Term
"per-" and "hypo-" are used. 
Definition
More than two possible anions from an element plus oxygen, the prefixes
Term

1. Constant charge monatomic anions

 
Definition

Become acids when combined with enough H+ ions to balance the charges. 

 
Term
F–
Definition
fluoride ion       
Term
Cl
Definition
chloride ion      
Term
Br– 
Definition
bromide ion 
Term
 I– 
Definition
iodide ion
Term

2. Constant charge polytomic anions

 
Definition

have either the suffix "-ate" or "-ite". 

A few end in "-ide".

 
Term

By convention, the polyatomic anion 

 
Definition

containing "an element + some oxygens" with the most oxygens ends in "-ate" 

and the anion "an element + some oxygens" with the least oxygens ends in "-ite". 

 

Term

2. Constant charge polytomic anions

 
Definition

For ions with more than two possible oxygen combinations, we use the prefixes "per" and "hypo" 

 
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