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Chemistry Vocabulary
Vocabulary from the FOSS Kits
96
Chemistry
8th Grade
11/11/2007

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Term
Alchemy
Definition
The prescientific investigation of substances, including the search for ways to change common metals into gold.
Term
Atmosphere
Definition
The layer of gases surrounding a planet.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particle of an element.
Term
Atomic number
Definition
The number assigned to an element, based on the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom.
Term
Average kinetic energy
Definition
Temperature.
Term
Blood plasma
Definition
The clear, amber solution that is the liquid portion of blood.
Term
Bond
Definition
An attractive force acting between atoms.
Term
Calibrated
Definition
Divided into units that correspond to a standard.
Term
Calorie
Definition
The unit of energy that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
A group of carbon-based nutrients, including sugars and starches.
Term
Carbon dioxide gas
Definition
A compound made from carbon and oxygen; CO2.
Term
Chemical equation
Definition
A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
Term
Chemical formula
Definition
A code that represents the number and kinds of atoms in one particle of a substance.
Term
Chemical property
Definition
A characteristic of a substance that determines how it interacts with other substances.
Term
Chemical reaction
Definition
A process during which starting substances (reactants) change into new substances (products) with different arrangements of atoms.
Term
Combustion
Definition
A chemical reaction, commonly called burning.
Term
Compound
Definition
A substance whose particle is made of two or more different kinds of atoms.
Term
Compressed
Definition
Reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure.
Term
Concentrated
Definition
A solution with a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent.
Term
Concentration
Definition
The amount of solute dissolved in a measure of solvent.
Term
Condensation
Definition
The change of phase from gas to liquid.
Term
Conduction
Definition
The transfer of energy (heat) from one particle to another as a result of contact.
Term
Conserved
Definition
Unchanged.
Term
Contraction
Definition
The reduction of volume of a sample of matter as a result of cooling.
Term
Crust
Definition
Earth's hard outer layer of solid rock.
Term

Cyclotron
Definition
An instrument used to create new elements.
Term
Density
Definition
The ratio of mass and volume in a sample of matter.
Term
Deposit
Definition
The change of phase from gas directly to solid.
Term
Dilute
Definition
A solution with a small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of solvent.
Term
Dissolve
Definition
To incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level.
Term
Dry ice
Definition
The solid phase of carbon dioxide.
Term
Electron
Definition
A subatomic particle with a negative charge.
Term
Element
Definition
A fundamental substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical or physical processes.
Term
Energy transfer
Definition
The movement of energy from one location to another.
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
A condition in which a system is experiencing no net change.
Term
Evaporation
Definition
The change of phase from liquid to gas.
Term
Expansion
Definition
An increase of volume.
Term
Force
Definition
A push or a pull.
Term
Freeze
Definition
To change phase from liquid to solid.
Term
Fundamental
Definition
Simple and basic.
Term
Gas
Definition
A phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space.
Term
Gaseous
Definition
Existing in the gas phase.
Term
Global warming
Definition
The increase of average temperature worldwide.
Term
Heat of fusion
Definition
Heat that causes the solid/liquid phase change without changing the temperature of the substance.
Term
Herbicide
Definition
A plant poison.
Term
Hydrocarbon
Definition
A group of carbon-based substances made of carbon and hydrogen only.
Term
Insoluble
Definition
Not capable of being dissolved. Sand is insoluble in water.
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
Energy of motion.
Term
Lava
Definition
Molten rock flowing on Earth's surface.
Term
Lipid
Definition
A group of organic substances that includes oils and fats.
Term
Liquid
Definition
A phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over and around one another.
Term
Mantle
Definition
The large rocky part of planet Earth, located between the core and the crust.
Term
Mass
Definition
A measure of the quantity of matter.
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Term
Melt
Definition
To change phase from solid to liquid.
Term
Metal
Definition
A group of elements that stretch, bend, and conduct heat and electricity.
Term
Mixture
Definition
Two or more substances together.
Term
Molecule
Definition
A particle made of two or more atoms that are held together with strong (covalent) bonds.
Term
Neutron
Definition
A subatomic particle with no charge.
Term
Nitrogen
Definition
A colorless, odorless, gaseous element that makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere.
Term
Noble gas
Definition
A gaseous element that does not react with other elements.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.
Term
Octane
Definition
An eight-carbon molecule. Octane is one of the main ingredients in gasoline.
Term
Organic compound
Definition
A large class of substances produced by organisms.
Term
Particle
Definition
The smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance.
Term
Periodic table of the elements
Definition
A way to organize the elements based on atomic number and chemical property.
Term
Phase
Definition
The physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases include solid, liquid, and gas.
Term
Phloem
Definition
A plant tissue that transports nutrients to all parts of the plant.
Term
Physical property
Definition
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase
Term
Potash
Definition
An impure form of potassium carbonate.
Term
Precipitate
Definition
An insoluble product of a reaction.
Term
Predict
Definition
To make an accurate estimation of a future event based on knowledge.
Term
Product
Definition
A substance produced in a chemical reaction.
Term
Protein
Definition
A group of nitrogen-containing organic substances.
Term
Proton
Definition
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge.
Term
Radiation
Definition
A form of energy that travels through space.
Term
Radioactivity
Definition
Radiation given off by the elements.
Term
Ratio
Definition
The relationship between two numbers.
Term
Reactant
Definition
A starting substance in a chemical reaction.
Term
Room temperature
Definition
The average kinetic energy of the particles in the air and other objects in a room.
Term
Salt
Definition
The product that forms when a metal reacts with an acid.
Term
Saturated
Definition
A solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
Term
Scanning tunneling microscope (STM)
Definition
An instrument that can create images of arrays of atoms.
Term
Solid
Definition
A phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around.
Term
Soluble
Definition
Capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water.
Term
Solute
Definition
A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
Term
Solution
Definition
A mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another.
Term
Solvent
Definition
A substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution.
Term
Sublime
Definition
To change phase from solid to gas.
Term
Substance
Definition
A type of matter defined by a unique particle.
Term
Transparent
Definition
Matter through which an image can be seen clearly.
Term
Vibrating
Definition
Moving rapidly back and forth.
Term
Volume
Definition
A defined quantity of space.
Term
Water vapor
Definition
The gas phase of water.
Term
Well-ordered array
Definition
A repeating pattern.
Term
Xylem
Definition
A plant tissue that transports water and minerals to all parts of the plant.
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