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Chemistry Unit 1 Notes
Vocabulary, mixtures, mass, compounds, etc.
30
Chemistry
10th Grade
08/28/2013

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
The science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter.
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that takes up space and has mass.

(Heat & light are examples of things that are not made up of matter)
Term
Properties
Definition
Describe the characteristics and behaviour of matter, including the changes that matter undergoes.
Term
Scientific Model
Definition
A thinking device that helps you understand and explain macroscopic observations.
Term
Qualitative observation
Definition
One that can be made without measurement.
Term
Quantitative observation
Definition
One that can be made WITH measurement.
Term
Substance
Definition
Matter with the same fixed composition and properties.
Term
Mixture
Definition
A combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed.
Term
Physical Change
Definition
A change in matter that does not involve a change in identity of the substance.

exp. freezing, melting, evaporating, dissolving, and crystallising.
Term
Physical Properties
Definition
Characteristics of a sample of matter that can be observed or measured without any change in its identity.

exp. solubility, melting point, boiling point, color, density, electrical conductivity, and physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
Term
Heterogenous Mixture
Definition
'Hetero': different. One that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

(sand and water, orange juice and a piece of granite)
Term
Homogenous Mixture
Definition
Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout.

(sand and sugar)
Term
Solution
Definition
Another name for a homogeneous mixture.
Term
What is the difference between a solute and solvent?
Definition
Solute-the substance being disolved, the substance that dissolves the solute is solvent. (solvent=water) (solute=salt)
Term
Soft drinks, tea, contact-lens cleaners, and other cleaning liquids are examples of?
Definition
Aqueous solution. When the solvent is water.
Term
Elements
Definition
The simplest form of matter
Term
Compound
Definition
A chemical combination of two or more different elements joined together. (Sodium Hydroxide, Carbon Dioxide)
Term
Formula
Definition
A combination of the chemical symbols that show what elements make up a compound and the number of atoms of each element.
Term
Volatile
Definition
They change to a gas easily at room temperature.

(Alcohol, gasoline)
Term
Density
Definition
The amount of matter (mass) contained in a unit of volume.
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
The change of one or more substances into other substances.
Term
Chemical Properties
Definition
Only observed when there is a change in composition of the substance.
Term
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Definition
In a chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
Term
Energy
Definition
Is the capacity to do work
Term
Which philosopher proposed that the world is made of atoms?
Definition
Democritus
Term
Atoms
Definition
The smallest particle of matter
Term
What is the atomic theory of matter?
Definition
The idea that matter is made of fundamental particles called atoms
Term
What is sublimation?
Definition
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid. exp. dry ice
Term
What is evaporation?
Definition
The conversion of liquid into gas using heat energy.
Term
What is decantation?
Definition
The process of separating mixtures.
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