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Chemistry Trimester 2 Final Review
A review of Chemistry for the trimester 2 final.
32
Chemistry
10th Grade
06/01/2010

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Term
Amorphous solids
Definition
lack an ordered internal structure. Atoms are randomly arranged.
Term
Allotropes
Definition
two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state.
Term
Crystal (ionic solid)
Definition
the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid substance are arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3D pattern (crystal lattice). The shape of the crystal reflects the arrangement of the particles within the solid.
Term
Characteristics of solids
Definition
ordered structure, do not flow, have intermolecular forces of attraction
Term
Characteristics of a liquid
Definition
lacks ordered structure, flows, has intermolecular forces of attraction
Term
Regarding intermolecular forces: a gas is likely to have...
Definition
none.
Term
Regarding intermolecular forces: a solid is likely to have...
Definition
some.
Term
Regarding intermolecular forces: a liquid is likely to have...
Definition
some.
Term
Dynamic equilibrium
Definition
when a reversable reaction ceases to change its ratio of reactants/products, but substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate.
Term
Boiling point
Definition
when the vapor pressure and the atmospheric pressure are equal.
Term
What is energy measured in?
Definition
Joules
Term
What is mass measured in?
Definition
grams
Term
Mass vs. energy
Definition
> mass = > energy
< mass = < energy
Term
What is specific heat measured in?
Definition
(joules) over (grams times degrees Celsius)
Term
Specific heat vs. energy
Definition
> specific heat = > energy
< specific heat = < energy
Term
What do you measure temperature in?
Definition
Celsius or Kelvin
Term
Condensation is what kind of process? (endothermic or exothermic)
Definition
Exothermic
Term
Freezing is what kind of process? (endothermic or exothermic)
Definition
Exothermic
Term
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
Definition
> volume = < pressure
< volume = > pressure
Term
What is Boyle's law?
Definition
PV=PV (pressure & volume)
Term
What is the relationship between temperature and volume?
Definition
> temperature = > volume
< temperature = < volume
Term
What is Charles' Law?
Definition
V/T=V/T (volume and temperature)
Term
What is the relationship between temperature and pressure?
Definition
> temperature = > pressure
< temperature = < pressure
Term
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
Definition
P/T=P/T (pressure and temperature)
Term
What is the combined gas law?
Definition
PV/T=PV/T (pressure, volume, and temperature)
Term
What is the ideal gas law?
Definition
PV/Tn=PV/Tn (pressure, volume, temperature, and MOLES)
Term
When is a reaction spontaneous?
Definition
1. When heat is lost (exothermic) and there is an increase in entropy.
2. When the the amount of heat gained (endothermic) is smaller than the increase in entropy.
3. When the amount of heat lost (exothermic) is bigger than the decrease in entropy.
Term
When is a reaction nonspontaneous?
Definition
1. When heat is gained (endothermic) and entropy decreases.
2. When the amount of heat gained (endothermic) is bigger than the increase in entropy.
3. When the amount of heat lost (exothermic) is smaller than the decrease in entropy.
Term
What is entropy?
Definition
A measure of disorder.
Term
What will ALWAYS increase the rate of a reaction?
Definition
Decreasing the particle size.
Term
What will always increase the rate of which a solution is formed?
Definition
Increase in temperature.
Term
What increases the rate at which a solution is formed?
Definition
Agitation.
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