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Chemistry of Artists' Colors
final
45
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
04/19/2009

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Term
light is (2 things)
Definition
a particle and a wave
Term
amplitude
Definition
height of a wave
Term
frequency
Definition
rhythmic succession
Term
wavelength
Definition
crest to crest distance
Term
frequency =
Definition

speed of light (c) divided by the wavelength (y)

v=c/y

Term
speed of light
Definition

300 million meters per second

or

3.0 x 108 m/s

Term
destructive interference
Definition
one wave is going down, when the other is rising, they cancel each other
Term
constructive interference
Definition
one wave is rising as the other is rising, we have an additive situation--the resulting wave would be huge!
Term
interference colors
Definition
color changes in the light--most commonly observed when oil is floating on water. The rainbow of colors is from the constructive and destructive interference of light waves of differing wavelengths (some colors get wiped out and some colors get amplified)
Term
specular reflection
Definition
when glossy surfaces reflect light all in one direction
Term
diffuse reflection
Definition
bumpy or gritty surfaces reflect the incident light in many directions
Term
refraction
Definition
when light enteres a denser substance it is bent into that substance
Term
wavelength of blue light
Definition
short
Term
wavelength of red light
Definition
long
Term
additive color primaries
Definition
red, green, and blue (RGB)
Term
red + green + blue =
Definition
white
Term
red + green =
Definition
yellow
Term
blue + green =
Definition
cyan
Term
blue + red =
Definition
magenta
Term
subtractive color primaries for paints
Definition
blue, yellow, and red
Term

blue + yellow + red =

(subtractive)

Definition
black
Term

blue + yellow =

(subtractive)

Definition
green
Term

blue + red =

(subtractive)

Definition
purple
Term

yellow + red =

(subtractive)

Definition
orange
Term
printer subtractive primary colors
Definition
cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
Term
L.A.B. color system
Definition

L=Luminance (brightness) channel

A=red-green channel

B=blue-green channel

Term
What are atoms made up of?
Definition
three types of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons bear a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons bear a negative charge.
Term
number of protons =
Definition
number of electrons
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons
Term
mass number
Definition
number of protons and neutrons
Term
"period"
Definition
each horizontal row on the periodic table
Term
groups
Definition
vertical columns of elements in the periodic table
Term
anions
Definition
negatively charged ions (have one or more extra electra electrons added which results in a net negative charge on the atom)
Term
cations
Definition
positively charged (have one or more electrons removed from the valence shell resulting in a net positive charge on that atom)
Term
acids
Definition
substance which releases protons (H+ions) into a water solution
Term
base
Definition
substance which releases hydroxide ions (OH-ions) into a water solution
Term
slaked-lime
Definition
slaked-lime--Ca(OH)2--is a basic substance because it will produce hydroxide ions when mixed with water
Term
glass
Definition
glass is made-up of silicon atoms bonded to oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement to create a giant network.
Term
terra cotta pottery
Definition
primitive, porous and low firing
Term
stoneware
Definition
common dinnerware, higher firing and non-porous, suitable for holding water
Term
pocelain china
Definition
made from very pure kaolin clay (china clay), very high firing and non-porous, the high kaolin content makes for a very white finish 
Term
bone china
Definition
variation on porcelain where bone dust is mixed into the kaolin clay to produce a creamy coloration, a glaze is also applied to produce fine china
Term
glaze and enamel composition
Definition
similar to glass, usually ccontain more components, formulated to melt at lower temperatures
Term
What is granite made of?
Definition
Feldspar, Mica, Quartz
Term
stages of firing clay
Definition

(1) drying

(2)  Dehydroxylation and Oxidation

(3) Vitrification

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