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Chemistry Matter and Change Chap 5
1985 Edition
49
Chemistry
10th Grade
09/26/2013

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Term

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Mark this card as unknown Chemistry Matter and Change Chap 5

Definition
Mark this card as unknown Chemistry Matter and Change Chap 5
Term

λ - lambda

 

What does this symbol stand for and define it

Definition

Wavelength

 

shortest distance between two equivalent points on a continuous wave in meters, centimeters or nanometers

Term

ν - nu

 

What does this symbol stand for and define it

 

 

Definition

Frequency

 

Number of waves that pass a point per second measured in hertz

Term

C

 

What does this symbol stand for and define it


what is the complete formula for determining C

Definition

Speed of Light Constant

C-= 3.00 x 108

 

C=λν

Speed of Light Constant = Wavelength x Frequency

Term
The distance from the origin of one wave to its crest
Definition
Amplitude
Term
Which wave lengths bend more?
Definition

Shorter wave lengths (higher frequencies) bend more

 

[image]

 

Red has a longer wavelength (shorter frequency) and therefore bends the least.

Term
What are the wavelengths of visible light?
Definition

400 nanometers to 700 nanometers

 

[image]

Term
What are the names of the visible light spectrum in order from small wavelength to longer wavelength
Definition

Roy G Biv

 

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

violet

 

[image]

Term
quantum
Definition
Minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
Term
Formula for energy as a function of wave frequency
Definition

Plank's Constant h=6.626 x10-34

 

Equantum=hν

 

As frequency increases energy increases

Term
Photon
Definition
A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy
Term
Photoelectric effect
Definition
electrons from a metal are emitted when a certain frequency shines on the surface
Term
Ground State
Definition
Lowest allowable energy state of an atom
Term
ΔE=Ehigher orbit - Elower orbit
Definition

Formula for Orbital energy released when an electron drops from one orbital to another.

 

 

 

Lyman Series - Ultraviolet light (low frequency) emitted when electron drops to 1st orbital

 

Balmer Series:  Visible light emitted when electron drops to 2nd orbital

 

Paschen Series - Infrared light (high frequency) emitted when electron drops to 3rd orbital

Term
De Broglie theory
Definition
All moving particles have wave characteristics (emit light) but wavelength is inversely proportional to mass so large objects wavelength is too low to see.
Term
Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle
Definition
It is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time.
Term
boundary of an atom
Definition
Volume that encloses 90% probability of containing its electrons
Term
Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Definition
Atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves
Term
Principal Quantum Numbers (n)
Definition
Indicate the relative sizes and energy of atomic orbitals
Term
Aufbau Principle & Diagram
Definition

Aufbau  (from the German Aufbau meaning "building up, construction")

 

Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.

 

[image]

[image]

Term
Pauli Exclusion
Definition
Each electron has an associated spin.  A single atomic orbital may contain 2 electrons but they must spin in opposite directions
Term
Hunds Rule
Definition

Single Electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spin can occupy the same orbitals.

 

[image]

Term
electron Configuration Notation
Definition
The electron configuration of an atom is the particular distribution of electrons among available shells. It is described by a notation that lists the subshell symbols, one after another. Each symbol has a subscript on the right giving the number of electrons in that subshell. For example, a configuration of the lithium atom (atomic number 3) with two electrons in the 1s subshell and one electron in the 2s subshell is written 1s22s1.
Term

What element is represented by the electron configuratoin notation 

 

1s22s22p2

Definition
Carbon -- 6 electrons
Term

What element is represented by the electron configuratoin notation 

 

[Ne]3s1

Definition

Sodium

 

To use this shortcut it is necessary to know the noble gas number of electrons.  Since only the outside electrons are reactive and all the inside electrons represented by the noble gas that is before the element are non-reactive - it is more important to know about the valence electrons.

 

In this case there is 1 valence electron

Term

Use the chart to write the Electron Configuration notation for Chlorine

 

[image]

Definition

[Ne]3s23p5

 

[Ne] - Neon is the noble gas before chlorine

3sfirst two columns on the left

3p5 5th element from the left in the 3P Group

Term

Use the chart to write the Electron Configuration notation for Phosphorus

 

[image]

Definition

[Ne]3s23p3

 

[Ne] - Neon is the noble gas before chlorine

3sfirst two columns on the left

3p3 3rd element from the left in the 3P Group

Term
What two elements are exceptions to the Aufbau method of electron configuration?
Definition

Chromium: Z:24 [Ar] 3d54s

and

Copper: Z:27 [Ar] 3d104s1

Term

Name this element

 

1s1

Definition
Hydrogen
Term

Name this element

 

1s2

Definition
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s1

Definition
Term

Name this element

 

1s2 2s2

Definition
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p1

Definition
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p2

Definition
Carbon
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p3

Definition
Nitrogen
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p4

Definition
Oxygen
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p5

Definition
Fluorine
Term

Name this element

 

1s22s2 2p6

Definition
Neon
Term

name this element

 

[Ne] 3s1

Definition
Sodium
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2

Definition
Magnesium
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p1

Definition
Aluminum
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p2

Definition
Silicon
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p3

Definition
Phosphorus
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p4

Definition
Sulfur
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p5

Definition
chlorine
Term

Name this element

 

[Ne] 3s2 3p6

Definition
Argon
Term

Name this element

 

[Ar] 4s1

Definition
Potassium
Term

Name this element

 

[Ar] 4s2

Definition
Calcium
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