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Chemistry Chapter 8 Key Terms
Vocab from Chapter 8
30
Chemistry
12th Grade
01/08/2009

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Term
Bond Dissociation Energy
Definition
The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms; this value usually expressed in kJ/mol
Term
Bonding Orbital
Definition
A molecular orbital that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
Term
Coordinate Covalent Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons
Term
Diatomic Molecule
Definition
A molecule consisting of two atoms.
Term
Dipole
Definition
A molecule that has two poles, or regions with opposite charges
Term
Dipole Interactions
Definition
Intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
Term
Dispersion Forces
Definition
Attractions between molecules caused by the electron motion on one molecule affecting the electron motion on the other through electrical forces; these are the weakest interactions between molecules
Term
Double Covalent Bond
Definition
A bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
Term
Hybridization
Definition
The mixing of several atomic orbitals to form the same total number of equivalent hybrid orbitals
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
Attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom
Term
Molecular Compound
Definition
A compound that is composed of molecules.
Term
Molecular Formula
Definition
A chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
Term
Molecular Orbital
Definition
An orbital that applies to the entire molecule
Term
Molecule
Definition
A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Term
Network Solids
Definition
Solids in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other
Term
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms
Term
Pi Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage-shaped regions above and below the bond axis of the bonded atoms
Term
Polar Bond
Definition
A covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
A molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive
Term
Polyatomic Ion
Definition
A tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a positive or negative charge
Term
Resonance Structure
Definition
One of the two or more equally valid electron dot structures of a molecule or polyatomic ion
Term
Sigma Bond
Definition
A bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis connecting the two atomic nuclei
Term
Single Covalent Bond
Definition
A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons
Term
Structural Formula
Definition
A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a polyatomic ion; each dash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons
Term
Tetrahedral Angle
Definition
A bond angle at 109.5 degrees that results when a central atom forms four bonds directed toward the center of a regular tetrahedron
Term
Triple Covalent Bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms
Term
Unshared Pair
Definition
A pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms
Term
van der Waals forces
Definition
The two weakest intermolecular attractions - dispersion interactions and dipole forces
Term
VSEPR theory
Definition
Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible
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