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Chemistry Chapter 15
last test!
45
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
04/26/2012

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Term
Soap: ______ molecules have uneven electron distribution.
Definition
polar
Term
Soap: _______ molecules have an even electron distribution.
Definition
non polar
Term
Polar and non polar soap molecules do not _________.
Definition
interact
Term
Soap molecules are relatively lengthy and have both an ________ end and a _______end.
Definition
ionic (polar); non polar
Term
What term is named because it acts at surfaces?
Definition
surfactants
Term
What is a mixture of one substance dispersed in a finely divided state throughout another?
Definition
colloidal suspension of micelles
Term
Hydrophobic _____ maximize interaction with each other.
Definition
tails
Term
Hydrophilic _______ maximize interaction with the water which, like them, is polar.
Definition
heads
Term
________ in "dirty water contain clumps of greasy (nonpolar) material.
Definition
micelles
Term
Colloidal suspensions are a type of ___________.
Definition
emulsion
Term
Soap functions in colloidal suspensions as an __________ or ____________ _______.
Definition
emulsifier; emulsifying agent
Term
What will make a solution cloudy because they scatter light?
Definition
particles in a colloidal suspension
Term
What does a curd do to clean surfaces?
Definition
it coats it.
Term
In the 1950s chemists solved the curd problem with synthetic ____ detergents?
Definition
ABS
Term
What kind of detergents do not biodegrade?
Definition
ABS detergents
Term
What kind of detergents do biodegrade?
Definition
LAS detergents
Term
What kind of substances do LAS detergents biodegrade into?
Definition
CO2, H2O, (SO4)2-
Term
What are the three types of detergents?
Definition
anionic, cationic, nonionic
Term
This kind of detergent is where the polar part of the molecule is a negative ion.
Definition
Anionic
Term
This kind of detergent is where the polar part of the molecule is a positive ion.
Definition
cationic
Term
This kind of detergent maintains polarity with OH or similar groups.
Definition
nonionic
Term
The primary function of this is to soften water?
Definition
builder
Term
the best ______ is sodium tripolyphosphate, but it leads to eutrophication
Definition
builder
Term
Examples of replacement builders:
Definition
sodium carbonate and zeolites
Term
What controls consistency and density of packages products?
Definition
fillers
Term
Enzymes and bleaching agents do what?
Definition
help degrade stains
Term
Which laundry cleaning formulations absorb UV and emit visible light in the blue?
Definition
brighteners
Term
What are two corrosive cleaners?
Definition
drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners
Term
Hair can be curled (or uncurled) with changes in
Definition
water level, pH, chemical exposure
Term
Lightening hair requires the __________ of melanin and phaeomelanin
Definition
removal
Term
darkening hair means _______a dye to the hair surface
Definition
applying
Term
What is a lotion with UV absorbing ingredients?
Definition
sunscreen
Term
Perfumes are design to be experienced in three stages. what are they?
Definition
top note, middle note, end note
Term
When monomers compose chain-like structures they make
Definition
polymers
Term
What is the simplest and most common plastic?
Definition
polyethylene
Term
The repeating _____ units can number in the thousands for the polymer molecule
Definition
CH2
Term
What are the two tupes of Polyethylene chains?
Definition
LDPE HDPE
Term
What is composed of more than one TYPE of monomer?
Definition
copolymer
Term
What is it called when copolymers form, a small molecule, usually water, is expelled.
Definition
condensation
Term
what is polyethylene terephthalate?
Definition
PET is a polyester (repeating ester groups, -R-COO-R-)
Term
Lexan is a ___________. it is tough enough to be a bullet-proof window.
Definition
poly carbonate.
Term
What type of rubber stretches easily and returns to its original shape?
Definition
elastomer
Term
What does vulcanization do to rubber?
Definition
It makes it harder and more elastic.
Term
Who was vulcanization invented by?
Definition
Charles Goodyear 1839
Term
What type of rubber replaced natural rubber in automobile tires?
Definition
SBR
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