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Chemistry Atomic Unit
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Chemistry
9th Grade
09/30/2009

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Term
John Dalton
Definition
Father of Chemistry first atomic theory lived in early 1800s
Term
JJ Thomson
Definition
1890s English scientist discovered electron (plum pudding model/chocolate chip cookie) using cathode ray tube
Term
Robert Millikan
Definition
early 1900s determined charge of electron also calculated mass of electron
Term
Earnest Rutherford
Definition
early 1900s u sing Gold Foil experiment discovered the nucleus first nuclear model of an atom
later discovered the proton
Term
James Chadwick
Definition
1930s discovered the neutron
Term
Henry Moseley
Definition
early 1900s determined classification of element should be based on amount of protons called atomic number
Term
atom
Definition
VERY SMALL particle of which all matter is made of
smallest piece of an element that still maintains the elements properties.
Term
cathode ray
Definition
tube used to discover electron invented by William Crooke
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged particle found throughout atom in electron clouds around the nucleus approx mass= 1/1840 AMU relative charge -1
Term
nucleus
Definition
tiny very dense region inside the atom centrally located in the atom and neutral
Term
proton
Definition
positively charged particle (+1) with relative mass of 1 AMU makes up nucleus and is used to identify an atom
Term
neutron
Definition
neutrally charged particle that along with proton makes up nucleus relative mass is 1 AMU
Term
atomic number
Definition
identifies the element is the same as the number of protons in one atom
Term
isotopes
Definition
atom with same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons
Term
mass number
Definition
used to identify isotopes
= protons+neutrons in the isotope
Term
atomic mass unit
Definition
AMU 1/12 of a Carbon 12 atom
Term
atomic mass
Definition
weighted average of the isotopes of an element
Term
nuclear reaction
Definition
any change that occurs in a atom's nucleus
Term
radiation
Definition
rays and particles emitted by radioactive materials
Term
radioactivity
Definition
when a substance spontaneously emits radiation.
Term
alpha particles
Definition
two protons and two neutrons has plus two charge and is the same as the nucleus of a helium atom which is also its symbol or α (fancy a)
Term
nuclear equation
Definition
equation involving changes occurring in the atom's nucleus
Term
beta particles
Definition
fast moving radioactive electrons -1 charge
shown using β
Term
gamma rays
Definition
high energy form of radiation no charge or mass
shown using γ (fancy y)
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