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Chemistry 2 Final
chapters 13-20
47
Chemistry
11th Grade
01/13/2016

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Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy of an object in motion
Term
kinetic theory
Definition
all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
collisions of atoms and molecules in the air with objects
Term
barometer
Definition
device used to measure atmospheric pressure
Term
vaporization
Definition
Term
vaporization
Definition
conversion of liquid to a gas or vapor
Term
evaporation
Definition
vaporization that is at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
Term
vapor pressure
Definition
measure of the force exerted by gas above a liquid
Term
boiling point
Definition
temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid
Term
melting point
Definition
the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
Term
sublimation
Definition
solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase
Term
compressibility
Definition
measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
Term
partial pressure
Definition
the contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure
Term
diffusion
Definition
tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform
Term
effusion
Definition
a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container
Term
suspension
Definition
mixture in which particles settle out upon standing
Term
tyndall effect
Definition
the scattering of visible light by colloidal and suspension particles
Term
brownian motion
Definition
chaotic movement of colloidal particles
Term
emulsion
Definition
colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid (mayonaise, oil and vinegar)
Term
dispersed phase
Definition
Term
dispersed medium
Definition
Term
saturated solution
Definition
contains max amount of solute for given quantity of solvent at a constant temp and pressure
Term
supersaturated
Definition
solute above theoretical max at given temp and presure
Term
concentration
Definition
amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
Term
molarity
Definition
Moles of solute/liters of solution
Term
boiling point elevation
Definition
difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of a pure solvent
Term
molality
Definition
moles of solute/kg of solvent
Term
mole fraction
Definition
ratio of the moles of that solute to the total number of moles of solvent (Xa=Na/Na+Nb or other way for b)
Term
freezing point depression
Definition
the difference in temp between the freezing point of a solution ad the freezing point of the pure solvent
Term
heat capacity
Definition
amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1 C
Term
Specific heat
Definition
amount of heat it takes to raise temp of 1g of the substance 1 C
Term
calorie
Definition
quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of pure water 1 C
Term
joule
Definition
a joule raises the heat of 1g of water .2390 C
Term
enthalpy
Definition
change of heat at a constant pressure
Term
heat of reaction
Definition
enthalpy change for the chemical equation exactly as it is written
Term
heat of combustion
Definition
heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance
Term
molar heat of fusion
Definition
the heat absorbed by one mole of a solid substance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temperature
Term
molar heat of solution
Definition
enthalpy change caused by dissolution of one mole of a substance
Term
heat of formation
Definition
change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements with all substances at their standard states at 25 C
Term
reducing agent
Definition
substance that is oxidized, it causes the other to gain electrons
Term
oxidizing agent
Definition
substance that is reduced, it causes the other to lose electrons
Term
oxidation number
Definition
positive or negative number assigned to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction
Term
half-reaction
Definition
equation showing just the reduction or oxidation that takes place
Term
aqueous solution
Definition
water that contains dissolved substances
Term
solvent
Definition
dissolver
Term
solvation
Definition
the process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
Term
electrolyte
Definition
compound that conducts electric current when in an aqueous solution or in molten state
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