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Chemical Organization
Terms
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2010

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Term
Ion
Definition
A charged atomof groups
Term
Monosachride
Definition
The smallest unit of carbohydrate, consisting of a single ring-shaped structure of carbon, hydrogen, and osygen with a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio
Term
Protein
Definition
A molecule composed of a chain of amino acids, this is a highly diverse groups of extremely important molecules
Term
Atom
Definition
Basic unit of matter, consists of a nucleus containing protons and nuetrons, orbited by electrons
Term
Neutron
Definition
A noncharged, subatomic particle present in the
nucleus of an atom
Term
Covalent
Definition
Bonds involving the sharing of electrons; may be
polar or nonpolar.
Term
Hydogen Bond
Definition
Weak bond in which a hydrogen atoms is bound
to one atom in a molecule but is attracted to
another; important in developing the 3-D structure
of molecules such as proteins
Term
Solute
Definition
A molecule that dissolves in a solvent to produce
a solution
Term
Salt
Definition
A molecule that dissociates (ionized) into a cation
other than the hydrogen ion and an anion other
than the hydroxyl ion
Term
Nucleosome
Definition
A molecule consisting of a nitrogenous base, a
pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate
groups; assemble into chains called nucleic acids
Term
Triglyseride
Definition
A fat containing 3 fatty acid side chains attached
to a glycerol
Term
Polar
Definition
Having opposing positively and negatively
charged regions
Term
Hydrogen
Definition
The element in which atoms have one protein in
the nucleus
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
The building blocks of protein, consist of a central
carbon, a hydrogen, an amino group, a carboxyl
group and one of 20 side chains that provide
identity and chemical characteristics
Term
Ribonucleotides
Definition
The molecules that join together in chains to
produce RNA
Term
Anion
Definition
A negatively charged atom or molecule
Term
Trisacchride
Definition
A carbohydrate composed of 3 monosaccharides
Term
Deoxyribose
Definition
The modified pentose monosaccharide (missing
one oxygen) found in the nucleotides of DNA
Term
Cation
Definition
A particle (atom or group of atoms) with a positive
charge
Term
Solvent
Definition
A fluid in which a solute will dissolve
Term
Base
Definition
A molecule that dissociates into a hydroxyl anion
and any cation other than hydrogen; molecules
that bind hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Term
Proton
Definition
A positively charges particle that is one
component of the atomic nucleus
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Bond between two ions of opposite charges
(cation and anion
Term
Lipid
Definition
A nonpolar organic molecule composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, such as triglycerides,
eicosanoids, and steroids
Term
Valence
Definition
The combining capacity of an atom, determined
by the number of electrons in the outermost
energy level
Term
Molecule
Definition
A group of atoms bound together, the smallest
possible amount of a compound
Term
Buffer
Definition
A molecule that consumes a strong acid or base
and produces a weak acid or base in its place
Term
Solution
Definition
One or more solutes plus a solvent
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
Chains of nucleotides as in DNA and RNA
Term
Electron
Definition
A negatively charged particle that orbits the
nucleus of an atom
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
Term
Acid
Definition
A molecule that ionizes into a hydrogen cation
and some anion other than a hydroxyl
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