Shared Flashcard Set

Details

chem
chem ch. 20-21
47
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
04/07/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
mass number
Definition

=number of protons+ number of neutrons

=atomic number+number of neutrons

Term

atomic number

 

Definition

(Z)

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element 

Term
isotopes
Definition

atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

11H 21H 31H

Term

transition metals

 

Definition

incompletely filled d subshells or readily give rise to ions with incompletely filled d subshells

(not Zn, Cd, and Hg)

Term
alpha particles
Definition
helium ions with a charge of +2
Term
beta particles
Definition
streams of electrons emitted during the decay of certain radioactive substances
Term
bidentate ligand
Definition
ligand that has two donor atoms
Term
chain reaction
Definition
self sustaining sequence of reactions
Term
chiral molecules
Definition

non-superimposable

mirror images

handedness

optically actieve=solution of it rotates the plane of polarized light

Term
complex ion
Definition
an ion containing a central metal cation bonded to one or more molecules or ions
Term
coordination compound
Definition
typically consists of a complex ion and counter ion
Term
coordination number
Definition
number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex ion
Term
critical mass
Definition
minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction
Term
curie
Definition
fundamental unit of radioactivity (Ci); corresponds to exactly 3.70 X 1010 nuclear disintegrations per second
Term
daughter products
Definition
ending radioactive isotope
Term
donor atom
Definition
atom in ligand that is bonded directly to the metal atom
Term
free radicals
Definition
outer most fre electrons; most reactive; produced by radiation
Term
gamma-rays/x rays
Definition
high energy radiation
Term
geometric isomers
Definition
compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds but different spatial arrangements; such isomers cannot be interconverted without breaking a chemical bond
Term
half-life
Definition
time required for the the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half its initial concentration
Term
isotopes
Definition
atoms with same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (neutrons)
Term
Ligands
Definition
molecule or an ion that is bonded to the metal ion in a complex ion
Term
mass defect
Definition
difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
Term
moderator
Definition
substance that can reduce the kinetic energy of neutrons
Term
nuclear binding energy
Definition
energy required to break up a nucleus into protons and neutrons
Term
nuclear binding energy per nucleon
Definition
binding energy/number of nucleons
Term
nuclear chain reaction
Definition
self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions
Term
nuclear fission
Definition
process in which a heavy nucleus (mass #>200) divides to form small nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutrons
Term
nuclear fusion
Definition
combining of small nuclei into larger ones
Term
nucleon
Definition
subatomic particles in the nucleus; protons and neutrons
Term
optical isomers
Definition
nonsuperimposable mirror images
Term
plasma
Definition
gaseous state of matter consisting of positive ions and electrons
Term
polydentate ligand
Definition
ligand that has three or more donor atoms
Term
positron
Definition
particle that has the same mass as the electron but bears a +1 charge
Term
racemic mixture
Definition
equimolar mixture of optical isomers
Term
radioisotopes
Definition
radioactive isotopes; not stable; can be converted to more stable form
Term
rad
Definition
Radiation Absorbed Dose; amount of radiation that results in the absorption of 1 X 10-2 J per kg of irradiated material
Term
REM
Definition
Roentgen Equivalent for Man; total dose
Term
stereoisomers
Definition
compounds that are made up of the same types and numbers of atoms bonded together in the same sequence but with different spatial arrangements
Term
tracer
Definition
isotopes, especially radioactive isotopes, that are used to trace the path of the atoms of an element in a chemical or biological process
Term
Transmutation
Definition
results from bombarding nuclei with neutrons, with protons, or with other nuclei
Term
transuranium elements
Definition
elements with atomic numbers greater that 92
Term
most stable isotope/highest nuclear binding every per nucleon
Definition
56Fe
Term
beta decay
Definition

decreasae # of neutrons by 1

increase # of protons by 1

0+1B

Term
positron decay
Definition

increase # of neutron by 1

decrease # of protons by 1

0-1B

Supporting users have an ad free experience!