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Chem test 2
Gas laws
53
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2010

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Term
van der Waals Equation
Definition

(P + ((n2a)/(V2)) * (V-nb)= nRT

 

A and B are constants

Term
Standard Conditions
Definition
0 C and 760 torr
Term
Torr
Definition
1 torr=1mmHg=(1/760)atm= 133.22 Pa
Term
ATM
Definition
1atm= 101.325 kPa= 1.01 *10^5 Pa
Term
Combustion
Definition
2CO + Cl2 --> Br2 + 2Cl-
Term
Average KE
Definition
=(3/2) (R/Na)T
Term
KE
Definition
=.5mass * speed ^2
Term
Change in Enthalpy
Definition
=Change in energy + (Pressure * change in V)
Term
Joule
Definition

=kg*m2/s2

SI unit of energy

Term
Postulate 1
Definition
A gas consists of a large collection of individual particles which are extremely small. Particles have mass, but no volume
Term
State function
Definition
A property dependent only on the current state of the system. Not on the path the system took to reach that state.
Term
Mean Free Path
Definition
Average distance the molecule travels between collision at a given temperature and pressure
Term
Thermochemistry
Definition
Branch of thermodynamics that deals with the heat involved in chemical and physical change
Term
Oxidation Number
Definition
Charge the atom would have if electrons were not shared but were transferred completely
Term
Postulate 3
Definition
Collision are elastic. Colliding molecules exhange energy but dont not lose any energy in the process
Term
Calorimetry
Definition
Device used to measure the heat released by a physical or chemical process
Term
Collision Frequency
Definition
Divide the most probable speed (distance per second) by the mean free path (distance per collision)
Term
Internal energy
Definition
Efinal- Einitial
Term
Work done by a system
Definition
Energy is lost so change in E is negative
Term
Heat
Definition
Energy transferred between a system and its surroundings as a result of a difference in their temperature only
Term
Work
Definition
Energy transferred when an object is moved by a force
Term
Surroundings
Definition
Everything else relevant to a change
Term
Flowing out of a system
Definition
Final energy is less than its internal energy. Change in energy is negative
Term
Pressure
Definition
Force/Area
Term
Reduction
Definition
Gain of electrons
Term
Heat flows into a system
Definition
Gains energy so change in energy is positive
Term
Postulate 2
Definition
Gas particles are in constant random straight-line motion except when the collide
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Loss of electrons
Term
Density
Definition
Molarity= mRT/PV
Term
Avogadro's Law
Definition
n is proportional to T
Term
Partial pressure of gas A
Definition
Pa=Xa * Ptotal
Term
System
Definition
Part of universe that we focus on
Term
Effusion
Definition

Process by which a gas escapes from a container

 

Is proportional to Ratea/Rateb= sq rt ((molarity b)/(molarity a)

Term
Daltons law of pressure
Definition
Ptotal=P1+P2+P3...
Term
calorie
Definition

Quantity of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree C

 

Term
Specific heat capacity
Definition

Quantity of heat required to change the temp of 1g of given species of a substance by 1K

Units: J/(g*k)

Term
Molar Heat Capacity
Definition

Quantity of heat required to change the temp of of 1 mole of a substance by 1 K

Units: J/mol*K

Term
Newton
Definition

SI unit of force

=kg*m/s^2

Term
Pascal (Pa)
Definition

SI unit of pressure

=1 N/m^2

Term
Endothermic
Definition
System absorbs heat. Heat goes from surrounding to system
Term
Work done on a system
Definition
System gains energy so change in E is postive
Term
Exothermic
Definition
System gives off heat
Term
Redox Reactions
Definition
The key chemical event is the net movement of electrons from one reactant to the other
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The movement of one gas through another
Term
Oxidizing Agent
Definition

The species doing the oxidizing

 

Mg --> Mg(2+) + 2e-

Term
Reducing Agent
Definition

The species doing the reducing

 

.5O2 + 2e- -->O(2-)

Term
Thermodynamics
Definition
The study of heat and its transformations
Term
rms speed
Definition
Urms=sq rt((3RT)/(Molarity))
Term
Barometer
Definition
Used to measure atmospheric pressure
Term
Manometer
Definition
Used to measure the pressure of a gas
Term
Charles Law
Definition
V is proportional to P
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
V is proportional  to the inverse of P
Term
Work done on surroundings
Definition
w= -P* change in V
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