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Chem Honors
Review topic 1-5
210
Science
10th Grade
01/19/2013

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Term
Which two particles make up most of the mass of a hydrogen-2 atom
Definition
proton and neutron
Term
In the wave-mechanical model of the atom,orbitals are regions of the most probable locations of
Definition
elctrons
Term
Which phrase describes an atom?
Definition
a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus
Term
Which total mass is the smallest?
Definition
the mass of 2 electrons
Term
How do the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the third shell of an atom compare to the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the first shell of the same?
Definition
In the third shell, an electron has mor energy and is farther from the nucleus
Term
What is the total number of protons in atom with the electron configuration 2-8-18-32-18-1?
Definition
79
Term
Compared to an atom of hydrogen in the ground state, an atom of hydrogen in the excited has?
Definition
absorbed energy, only
Term
What is the total number of electrons in the outrmost shell of a phosphorus atom in the ground state?
Definition
5
Term
Which statement best dscribes the mucleus of an aluminum atom?
Definition
It has a charge of +13 and is surrounded by a total of 13 electrons
Term
The atomic mass of an element is weighd average of the
Definition
atomic masses of the naturally occuring istotopes of that element
Term
Which electron configuration represents an atom of aluminum in an excited state?
Definition
2-7-4
Term
A 100.00-gram sample of naturally occuring boron contains 19.78 grams of boron-10 (atomic - 10.01 atomic mass units)and 80.22 grams of boron-11 (atomic = 11.01 atomic mass units). Which numerical setup can be used to determine atomic mass of naturally occuring boron?
Definition
(0.1978)(10.01) + (0.8022)(11.01)
Term
What was concluded about the structure of the atom as th result of the gold foil experiment?
Definition
A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space.
Term
The nucleus of an atom of cobalt-58 contains...
Definition
27 protons and 31 neutrons
Term
The nucleus of atom of cobalt-58 contains...
Definition
27 protons and 31 neutrons
Term
A proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of
Definition
an electron
Term
Which conclusion was a direct result of the gold foil experiment?
Definition
An atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus.
Term
Which electron configuration represents an atom in an excited state?
Definition
2-6-2
Term
An electron has a charge of
Definition
-1 and a smaller mass than a proton
Term
What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of an element that has a mass number of 19 and atomic number of 9?
Definition
10
Term
An electron in atom moves from th ground state to an excited state when the energy of electron
Definition
increases
Term
Atoms of different isotops of the same element differ in their total numbr of
Definition
neutrons
Term
What is the total charge of the nucleus of a carbon atom
Definition
+12
Term
Which statement explains why sulfur is classified as a Group 16 element?
Definition
A sulfur atom has 6 valence electrons
Term
How do the atomic radius and metallic properties of sodium compare to the atomic radius and metallic properties of phosphorus
Definition
Sodium has a larger atomic radius and is more metallic
Term
Which group on the Periodic Table of th Elements contains elements that react with oxygen to form compounds with the general formula X(v)2O
Definition
Group 1
Term
Elements on the modern Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
Definition
atomic number
Term
Which element is a metal that is in the liquid phase at STP
Definition
mercury
Term
Which two elements have the most similar chemical properties
Definition
Be and Mg
Term
In the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence lectrons. This element has a lower first ionization energy than calcium. Wher is the element located on th Periodic Table?
Definition
Group 2, Period 5
Term
Based on Reference Table S, which of the following atoms requirs the least energy for the removal of the most loosely, bound electron
Definition
Sr
Term
All atoms of a given element must contain the same number of
Definition
protons
Term
Which brittle, nonconducting solid at 25 degrees celcius
Definition
S
Term
An atom of helium-4 differs from an atom of lithium-7 in that the atom of helium-4 has
Definition
two less neutrons
Term
Antimony is classified as a
Definition
metalloid
Term
Which list consists of element that have the most similar chemical properties?
Definition
Mg, Ca , Ba
Term
This question may require the use of the "Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. At STP, an element that is a brittle solid and a poor conductor of heat and electricity could have an atomic number of ?
Definition
16
Term
The carbon atoms in graphite and the carbon atoms in diamond have different
Definition
structural arrangements
Term
Which of these elements has physical and chemical properties most similar to silicon (Si)?
Definition
germanium (Ge)
Term
What is the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of potassium-42?
Definition
19
Term
As the elements in Group 17 are considered in order of increasing atomic number , the chemical reactivity of each successive element
Definition
decreases
Term
Compared to the nonmetals in Period 2 , the metals in Period 2 generally have larger
Definition
atomic radii
Term
Which of the following Group 2 elements has the lowest first ionization energy?
Definition
Ba
Term
In Period 3 , from left to right in order , each successive element will
Definition
increase in number of protons
Term
Which element is a solid at STP?
Definition
I(v)2
Term
In which group of the Periodic Table do most of the elements exhibit both positive and negative oxidation states?
Definition
17
Term
The element in Period 4 and Group 1 of the Periodic Table would be classified as a
Definition
metal
Term
Which set of symbols represents atoms with valence electrons in the same electron shell?
Definition
Sr Sn I
Term
A metal, M m forms an oxide compound with the general formula M(v)2O. In which group on the Periodic Table could metal M be found?
Definition
Group 1
Term
Which trend appear as the elements in Period 3 are considered from left to right?
Definition
Metallic character decreases, and electronegativity increases.
Term
What is a property of most metals?
Definition
They tend to lose electrons easily when bonding.
Term
Which element is malleable and can conduct electricity in the solid phase?
Definition
tin
Term
The elements located in the lower left corner of the Periodic table are classified as
Definition
metals
Term
Which statement describes a chemical property of Iron?
Definition
Iron combines with oxygen to form rust.
Term
Which element is a noble gas?
Definition
krypton
Term
Which element has both metallic and nonmetallic properties?
Definition
Si
Term
Which isotopic notation identifies a metalloid that is matched with the corresponding number of protons in each of its atoms?
Definition
28 Si and 14 protons
Term
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
Definition
atomic number
Term
Which element had chemical properties that are most similar to those of calcium?
Definition
Sr
Term
Lithium and potassium have similar chemical properties because the atoms of both elements have the same
Definition
number of valence electrons
Term
What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of sulfur in the ground state?
Definition
6
Term
When an atom loses one or more electrons, this atom becomes
Definition
A positive ion with a radius smaller than the radius of this atom
Term
Which two characteristics are associated with metals?
Definition
low first ionization energy and low electronegativity
Term
Which substance can not be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
Definition
mercury
Term
Which statement describes a chemical property of iron?
Definition
Iron combines with oxygen to form rust
Term
What is a property of most metals?
Definition
They tend to lose electrons easily when bonding
Term
At STP , which element is brittle and not a conductor of electricity?
Definition
S
Term
STP
Definition
Room temperature
Term
Which element is classified as a non metal?
Definition
Cl
Term
At STP an element that is a brittle solid and a poor conductor of heat and electricity could have an atomic number of?
Definition
16
Term
Which element is a noble gas?
Definition
krypton
Term
Which substance can not be decomposed by a chemical change?
Definition
An element
Ne
Term
Which group in the Periodic Table contains elements that are all monatomic gases at STP?
Definition
18
Term
Which element has both metallic and non metallic properties?
Definition
Si
Term
At standard pressure, which element has a melting point higher than standard temperature?
Definition
Fe
Term
According to the Reference Table N , which pair of isotopes spontaneously decays?
Definition
C-14 and N-16
Term
Which of these elements has the lowest melting point?
Definition
Rb
Term
The elements on the Periodic table are arranged in order of increasing
Definition
atomic number
Term
Which element has chemical properties that are similar to those of calcium?
Definition
Sr
Term
Lithium and potassium have similar chemical properties because the atoms of both elements have the same
Definition
number of valence electrons
Term
An atom of argon rarely bonds to an atom of another element because an argon atom had
Definition
8 valence electrons
Term
What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of sulfur in the ground state?
Definition
6
Term
Which trends are observed as each of the elements within Group 15 on the Periodic Table is considered in order from top to bottom?
Definition
Their metallic properties increase and atomic Radii increase.
Term
Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons?
Definition
fluorine
Term
The strength of an atom's attraction for the electrons in a chemical bond is the atom's
Definition
electronegativity
Term
As the elements of Group 1 on the Periodic Table are considered in order of increasing atomic radius , the ionization energy of each element successive element generally
Definition
decreases
Term
How do the atomic radius and metallic properties of sodium compare to the atomic radius and metallic properties of phosphorus?
Definition
Sodium has a larger atomic radius and is more metallic
Term
Which trends are observed when the elements in Period 3 on the Periodic Table are considered in order of increasing atomic number?
Definition
The atomic radius decreases, and the first ionization energy generally increases.
Term
Which period 4 element has the most metallic properties?
Definition
Sc
Term
As the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are considered in succession from left to right there is a decrease in atomic radius with increasing atomic number. This may best be explained by the fact that the
Definition
number of protons increases , and the number of shells of electrons remains the same.
Term
As the atoms in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are considered from left to right , the atoms generally show
Definition
a decrease in radius and an increase in ionization energy
Term
Based on Reference Table S , atoms of which of these elements have the strongest attraction for the electrons in a chemical bond?
Definition
S
Term
Which phase change results in the release of energy?
Definition
Exothermic , Cooling Curve
Term
Which terms is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample?
Definition
temperature
Term
At which temperature would atoms of a He(g) sample have the greatest average kinetic energy?
Definition
37 degrees Celsius
Term
Two samples of gold that have different temperatures are placed in contact with one another. Heat will flow spontaneously from a sample of gold at 60 Degrees Celsius to a sample of Gold that has a temperature of
Definition
50 Degrees Celsius
Term
At which Celsius temperature does lead change from a solid to a liquid?
Definition
328 Degrees Celsius
Term
The Boiling Point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure on the surface of the liquid. What is the boiling point of propanone if the pressure on its surface is 48 kilopascals? Table H
Definition
35 Degrees Celsius
Term
Which grouping of the three phases of bromine is listed in order from left to right for increasing distance between bromine molecules?
Definition
Solid , Liquid , Gas
Term
A sample of oxygen gas sealed in container X. A sample of hydrogen gas is sealed in container Z. Both samples have the same volume, temperature and pressure. Which statement is true?
Definition
Containers X and Z both contain the same number of gas molecules.
Term
Which statement describes a chemical property of the element magnesium?
Definition
Magnesium reacts with an acid
Term
Which statement best describes the shape and volume of an aluminum cylinder at STP?
Definition
It has a definite shape and a definite volume.
Term
Which process is a chemical change?
Definition
decomposing of water.
Term
Which statement describes a chemical property of oxygen?
Definition
Oxygen can combine with a metal to produce a compound.
Term
Which physical changes are endothermic?
Definition
melting and evaporating
Term
Which set of procedures and observation indicated a chemical change?
Definition
A cool , shiny metal is added to water in a beaker and rapid bubbling occurs.
Term
The temperature of a sample of water changes from 10 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius when the water absorbs 420 Joules of hear. What is the mass of the sample?
Definition
10,g
Term
In which process does a solid change directly into a vapor?
Definition
sublimation
Term
The temperature of 100. grams of water changes from 16.0 Degrees Celsius to 20.0 Degrees Celsius. What is the total number of Joules of heat energy absorbed by the water?
Definition
1680
Term
How much energy is required to vaporize 10.00 grams of water at its boiling point?
Definition
22.6kJ
Term
Which intermolecular force of attraction accounts for the relatively high boiling point of water?
Definition
hydrogen bonding
Term
Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at 75 Degrees celsius ?
Definition
propanone
Term
Which substance has the lowest vapor pressure at 75 degrees Celsius ?
Definition
ethanoic acid
Term
At standard pressure , a certain compound has a boiling point and is insoluble in water. At STP, this compound most likely exists as
Definition
nonpolar molecules
Term
A dilute, aqueos potassium nitrate solution is best classifies as
Definition
homogeneous mixture
Term
Bronze contains 90 to 95% copper and 5 to 10% tin. Because these percentages can vary , bronze is classified as
Definition
a mixture
Term
A mixture of crystals of salt and sugar is added to water and stirred until all solids have dissolves. Which statement best describes the resulting mixture?
Definition
The mixture is homogeneous and cannot be separated by filtration.
Term
When a mixture of water sand and salt is filtered, what passes through the filter paper?
Definition
water and salt , only
Term
Which property makes it possible to separate the oxygen and the nitrogen from a sample of liquefied air?
Definition
Boiling point
Term
At Room temperature a mixture of sand and water can be separated by
Definition
filtration
Term
Compared to a 2.0 M aqueous solution of NaCl at 1 atmosphere, a 3.0 M aqueous solution of NaCl at 1 atmosphere has a
Definition
higher boiling point and a lower freezing point
Term
Compared to the freezing point of 1.0 M KCl(aq) at standard pressure, the freezing point of 1.0M CaCl(v)2 (aq) at standard pressure is
Definition
lower
Term
Pure substances are
Definition
Homogeneous
Term
Mixture always
Definition
Homogeneous of heterogeneous
Term
Elements and compounds are
Definition
substances
Term
A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances is
Definition
water
Term
Which of the following cannot be decomposed by chemical means
Definition
Sodium
Term
A compound differs from an element in that a compound
Definition
Can be decomposed by chemical reaction
Term
A substance that is composed only of identical atoms is classified as
Definition
an element
Term
Each particle contained in hydrogen gas is made up of two identical hydrogen atoms chemically joined together. Hydrogen is
Definition
An element
Term
Which of the following material is a pure substance
Definition
Table Salt
Term
Which of the following is a mixture
Definition
Air
Term
Soda is a
Definition
Homogeneous mixture
Term
solution is a
Definition
Mixture
Term
In compound elements are
Definition
United
Term
Which of the following is a mixture ?
Definition
Brass
Term
Which of the following is a mixture?
Definition
paper
Term
The rusting of iron is a
Definition
Chemical reaction
Term
Which statement describes a chemical property of hydrogen gas?
Definition
Hydrogen gas burns in air.
Term
An aqueous solution fo sodium chloride is best classified as a
Definition
homogeneous compound
Term
Which of the following is a physical property?
Definition
temperature
Term
A solid melts gradually between 85 degrees celsius and 95 degrees celsius to give a milky , oily liquid, When a laser beam shines through the liquid the path of the beam is clearly visible. The milky liquid is likely to be:
Definition
a heterogeneous mixture
Term
A sample of unknown composition was tested in a laboratory. The sample could not be decomposed by physical or chemical means. On the basis of these results the laboratory reported that the unknown sample was most likely
Definition
an element
Term
Smoke is an example of an
Definition
Heterogeneous mixture
Term
Which process increases the potential energy of the particles of a sample?
Definition
vaporization
Term
Two solid samples each contain sulfur, oxygen and sodium, only. These samples have the same color , melting point , density , and reaction with an aqueous barium chloride solution. It can be concluded that the two samples are the same
Definition
Compound
Term
Which transfer of energy occurs when ice cubes are placed in water that has a temperature of 45 degrees celsius?
Definition
Thermal energy is transferred from the water to the ice.
Term
A sample is prepared by completely dissolving 10.0 grams of NaCl in 1.0 liter of H20. Which classification best describes this sample?
Definition
homogeneous mixture
Term
Which statement describes what occurs as two atoms of bromine combine to become a molecule of bromine?
Definition
Energy is released as bond is formed.
Term
Which formulas represent two polar molecules?
Definition
H(v)2O and HCl
Term
What is the total number of valence electrons in a sulfide ion in the ground state?
Definition
8
Term
Which formula represents an ionic compound?
Definition
KCl
Term
An unknown substance , liquid X, is tested in the laboratory. The Chemical and physical test results are listed below.
-Nonconductor of electricity
-Insoluble in water
-Soluble in hexane
-Low melting point as a solid
-Combustion produces only CO(v)2 and H(v)2O
Based on these results , a student should conclude that liquid X is
Definition
covalent
Term
The degree of polarity of a chemical bond in a molecule of a compound can be predicted by determining the difference in the
Definition
electronegativities of the bonded atoms in a molecule of the compound
Term
Based on electronegativity values, which type of elements tends to have the greatest attraction for electrons in a bond?
Definition
nonmetals
Term
What is the total number of pairs of electrons shared in a molecule of N(v)2?
Definition
three pairs
Term
Which formula represents an ionic compound?
Definition
NH(v)4Cl
Term
Which characteristic is a property of molecular substances?
Definition
low melting point
Term
Which substance is correctly paired with its type of bonding?
Definition
NH(v)3--Polar covalent
Term
Which compound contains only covalent bonds?
Definition
CH(v)3OH
Term
Based on intermolecular forces, which of these substances would have highest boiling point?
Definition
NH(v)3
Term
Which type of bonding is found in all molecular substances?
Definition
covalent bonding
Term
Which substance contains bonds that involved the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Definition
KBr
Term
Which type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
Definition
ionic
Term
What occurs when an atom of chlorine forms a chloride ion?
Definition
The chlorine atom gains an electron and its radius becomes larger.
Term
As a bond between a hydrogen atom and sulfur atom is formed, electrons are
Definition
shared to form a covalent bond
Term
When ionic bonds are formed, metallic atoms tend to
Definition
lose electrons and become positive ions
Term
What occurs when an atom of chlorine and an atom of hydrogen become a molecule of hydrogen chloride?
Definition
A chemical bond is formed and energy is released.
Term
As two chlorine atoms combine to form a molecule, energy is
Definition
released
Term
What is conserved during a chemical reaction?
Definition
both mass and charge
Term
Which symbol represents a particle that has the same total number of electrons as S^2-?
Definition
Ar
Term
Which electrons are represented by all of the dots?
Definition
the carbon and hydrogen valence electrons
Term
Based on your Reference Tables, the atoms of which of these elements have the strongest attraction for electrons in chemical bond?
Definition
N
Term
If the electronegativtity difference between the elements in compound NaX is 2.1, what is the element X?
Definition
bromine
Term
What occurs when an atom loses an electron?
Definition
The atoms's radius decreases and the atom becomes a positive ion.
Term
As a chlorine atom becomes a negative ion , the atom
Definition
gains an electron and its radius increases
Term
A substance that does not conduct electricity as a solid but does conduct electricity when melted is most likely classified as
Definition
an ionic compound
Term
Bond is formed so
Definition
Energy is released
Term
Bond is broken so
Definition
Energy is absorbed
Term
a molecular compound is another name for
Definition
A covalent compound
Term
A molecular compound never
Definition
conducts electricity
Term
Ionic compounds in (aq) solution
Definition
conduct electricity
Term
Covalent Compounds
Definition
2 non metals
Term
Ionic Compounds
Definition
Metal & Nonmetals
Term
Which of the following solids has the highest melting point?
Definition
Na(v)2O(s)
Term
What is total number of electrons shared in a double covalent bond between two atoms?
Definition
4
Term
Which type of bonding is found in all molecular substances?
Definition
covalent bonding.
Term
Which statement correctly describes diamond and graphite , which are different forms of solid carbon ?
Definition
They differ in their molecular structure and properties
Term
Which characteristics is a property of molecular substances?
Definition
low melting point
Term
Conductivity in a metal results from the metal atoms having
Definition
highly mobile electrons in the valence shell
Term
Which substance contains metallic bonds?
Definition
Hg(l)
Term
The high electrical conductivity of metals is primarily due to
Definition
mobile electrons
Term
Silicon dioxide (SiO(sub2)) and diamonds are best described as
Definition
network solids with covalent bonding
Term
The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule are classified as
Definition
polar covalent
Term
Which type of molecule CF(sub4)?
Definition
nonpolar , with a symmetrical distribution of charge?
Term
Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule?
Definition
CH(sub4)
Term
At STP , fluorine is a gas and iodine is a solid. This observation can be explained by the fact that fluorine has
Definition
weaker intermolecular forces of attraction than iodine
Term
Copper (I) Chloride
Definition
CuCl
Term
Chromium (III) Oxide
Definition
Cr[sub2]O[sub3]
Term
Potassium nitrate
Definition
KNO[sub3]
Term
Potassium nitride
Definition
K[sub3]N
Term
Potassium Sulfate
Definition
K[sub2]SO[sub40
Term
Potassium Sulfide
Definition
K[sub2]S
Term
Potassium Chloride
Definition
Kcl
Term
Potassium chlorate
Definition
KClO[sub3]
Term
ALuminum oxide
Definition
AL[sub2]O[sub3]
Term
CuSO[sub4]
Definition
Copper Sulfate
Term
NH[sub4]Cl
Definition
ammonium chloride
Term
SO[sub2]
Definition
Sulfur dioxide
Term
Al[sub2](SO[sub4])[sub3]
Definition
Aluminum sulfate
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