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Chem 1110
First Midterm Notes
41
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/07/2012

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
central science that deals with composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter
Term
Alchemists
Definition
First chemists, searching for Gold and Immortality
Term
Empirical Knowledge
Definition
information that comes through test and observation; sensory or perceptual
Term
4 steps of Scientific Theory
Definition
1- Observe 2- Write a Hypothesis 3- Experiment 4- Propose a Theory
Term
standard unit of length
Definition
meter
Term
standard unit of volume
Definition
liter
Term
standard unit of mass
Definition
gram
Term
standard unit of temperature
Definition
Celsius
Term
Standard unit of time
Definition
second
Term
kilo-
Definition
10^3
Term
deci-
Definition
10^-1
Term
centi
Definition
10^-2
Term
milli-
Definition
10^-3
Term
micro-
Definition
10^-6
Term
Nano-
Definition
10^-9
Term
Exact Numbers
Definition
Originate from a direct count or by definition
Term
Precision
Definition
degree of reproducibility of a measurement (how close they are)
Term
Accuracy
Definition
degree of reliability of a measurement (how close to an exact value)
Term
Density
Definition
mass
----- describes the heaviness
volume
Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and occupies space
Term
pure substance
Definition
has uniform properties and can't be physically separated
Term
mixture
Definition
two or more substances not chemically combined
Term
element
Definition
Can't be made from or decomposed into similar substances by chemical means
Term
compound
Definition
substance that can be broken into pure substances by chemical means
Term
mixture
Definition
contains 2 or more substance physically combined, able to be separated
Term
homogenous mixture
Definition
one visible phase, uniform composition and properties
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
visibly different phases, each w/ different properties
Term
physical properties
Definition
characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Term
solids
Definition
have a definite shape and definite volume
Term
liquids
Definition
have definite volume but take the shapes of containers
Term
gases
Definition
do not have a definite shape or volume
Term
physical change
Definition
Change in appearance without change in composition
Term
chemical properties
Definition
describes how substances interact or change into a new substance
Term
chemical change
Definition
process by which new substances are formed having different compositions or structures than than starting materials
Term
energy
Definition
ability to do work
Term
potential energy
Definition
energy stored for use at a later time
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy of matter in motion
Term
Calorie
Definition
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 C
Term
joule
Definition
metric unit for heat
Term
Specific Heat
Definition
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
Term
Calorimeter
Definition
used to measure heat transfer
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