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Chem 100
Chemisty 100 final at CSUSB Plumlee
38
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
12/05/2012

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Term
What is Chemistry?
Definition
The study of matter and it's changes
Term
Physical Change
Definition
A change in physical state or form, same molecules before and after change
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
A change in a chemical's composition, different molecules
Term
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Definition
Solids= Definite shape & volume
Liquid= Definite volume no definite shape
Gases= Neither definite shape or volume
Solid is more ordered than liquid which is more ordered than gas
Term
Groups-
Periods-
Definition
-Vertical
-Horizontal
Term
Atomic Mass-
Atomic Number-
Definition
- Number below the symbol; neutrons & protons
- The number above the symbol; protons
Term
Metals-
Nonmetals-
Definition
-To the left of the staircase
-To the right of the staircase
Term
Density formula
Definition
D= m/v
Term
Definite proportion problems
Definition
A compound always contains the same elements in certain definite proportions
Term
Multiple proportions identification
Definition
Elements may combine in more than one set of proportions with each set corresponding to a different compound
Term
Cations-
Anions-
Origins-
Definition
-Positively charged ions
-Negatively charged ions
-All elements want octet (H wants 2), metals lose e-, nonmetals gain e-
Term
Three kinds of radiation and their properties
Definition
Alpha- mass +4, charge +2, helium nucleus
Beta- mass 0, charge -1, electron
Gamma- mass 0, charge 0, x-ray
Term
Isotopes; what makes an isotope
Definition
They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Add or subtract neutrons to get an isotope
Term
Electron Configuration
Definition
s=2; p=6; d=10, f=14
FE- 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d6
Term
Ionic & Covalent bonding
Definition
-Ionic= metals & non-metals; The metals (cations) lose an electron, the non-metals (anions) gain an electron, high melting point, crystalline, electrolysis
-Covalent= non-metals and non-metals; reaction occuring between two non metals by sharing electrons, low melting point, liquids, don't form ions
Bonding occurs to form the octet
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
Electrons in the outermost shell
Term
Naming ionic and covalent bonds
Definition
Ionic compounds- name the ions and change the suffix to -ide
Covalent compounds- use a prefix to denote the number of atoms
Term
Calculate molar mass
Definition
Take the mass number of the elements and times it by the number of that element you have, then add
Term
Definition of Molarity
Definition
M= mols of a solute/Liters of a solution
Molarity=volumes (molarity) = mols
Term
Molar volume of a gas at STP
Definition
22.4 L
Term
Acid & Base
Definition
Acid releases H+
Base releases OH-
A strong acid/base completely ionizes in solution
Term
What are the qualities of an acid/base
Definition
Acid: turns litmus red, tastes sour, reacts with metals to release H, reacts with base to form water and salt
Base: turns litmus blue, tastes bitter, slippery, reacts with acid to form water and salt
Term
Ph of acid & base
Definition
Above 7 is base
7 is neutral
Below 7 is acid
Term
pH of acid rain
Definition
5.6 or below
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Gains oxygen, loses electron, loses hydrogen
Term
Reduction
Definition
Loses oxygen, gains electron, gains hydrogen
Term
Composition of air
Definition
75% Nitrogen
20% Oxygen
Term
Composition of earth's crust
Definition
Lithosphere-land
Hydrosphere-water
Atmosphere-air
Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
The chemistry of hydrocarbon and their derivatives of tens of millions of known chemical compounds, over 95% are compounds of carbon
Term
Condensation polymer
Definition
Small molecule (usually water) is expelled from polymer
Term
Formation of esters and amides from acids and alcohols or amines
Definition
Amides- Proteins are condensation polymers (make by taking out water) of amino acids)
Esters- formed by replacing the H of a carboxylic acid with the alkyl group of an alcohol or phenol
Term
Structure of the earth and the earth's crust
Definition
Core, mantle, crust
Term
Where is the ozone layer
Definition
Stratosphere
Term
Identification of fossil fuels
Definition
Coal, oil, natural gas
Term
Sources of acid rain
Definition
Coal contains sulfur which when combusted produces sulfur dioxide which contributes to acid rain
Term
Cleaner vs dirtier fuels
Definition
Cleanest- gases then liquids then solids- dirtiest
Dirty = coal
Clean= natural gas
Term
Fastest growing energy source in the US
Definition
Renewable energy?
Term
Character of amino acids
Definition
Amine & carboxylic acid
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