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chapther 4
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27
Social Studies
9th Grade
02/06/2014

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Term
sensation
Definition
is the activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy
Term
Perception
Definition
is the
sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli carried out by the sense
organs and brain
Term
stimulus
Definition
is any passing source of physical energy that produces
a response in a sense organ.
Term
Psychophysics
Definition
is the study of the relationship between
the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
is the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be
present for it to be detected
Term
Noise
Definition
background stimulation
that interferes with the perception of other stimuli
Term
difference threshold
(just noticeable difference)
Definition
is the minimum
change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli a just noticeable difference
Term
Weber’s law
Definition
states that a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the intensity of
an initial stimulus
Term
Adaptation
Definition
an adjustment in sensory capacity after
prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
Term
Light
Definition
is a
form of electromagnetic radiation waves, which, as shown in Figure 1, are measured
in wavelengths
Term
visual spectrum
Definition
The range of wavelengths that humans are sensitive to
Term
cornea
Definition
a transparent, protective window
Term
pupil
Definition
a dark hole in the center
Term
iris
Definition
the colored part of the eye, which in humans
ranges from a light blue to a dark brown
Term
lens
Definition
directly behind the pupil bends the rays of light so that they are properly focused on the rear of the eye
Term
accommodation
Definition
The lens focuses light by changing its own thickness
Term
retina
Definition
an image ultimate destination reaches it upside down because of lights physical properties
Term
Rods
Definition
are thin, cylindrical
receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light
Term
Cones
Definition
are typically cone-shaped,
light-sensitive receptor cells that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception,
particularly in bright light.
Term
peripheral vision
Definition
The rods play a key role in seeing objects that are outside the main center of focus—and in
night vision
Term
fovea
Definition
particularly sensitive region of the retina "see more sharply"
Term
Cones function
Definition
primarily responsible for the sharply
focused perception of color, particularly in brightly lit situations
Term
rods function
Definition
related to
vision in dimly lit situations and are largely insensitive to color and to details as
sharp as those the cones are capable of recognizing
Term
light adaptation
Definition
the process of adjusting to bright light after exposure to dim light—occurs much
faster, taking only a minute or so.
Term
dark adaptation
Definition
the phenomenon of adjusting
to dim light after being in brighter light
Term
rhodopsin
Definition
contained in rodes a complex reddish-purple
substance whose composition changes chemically when energized by light.
Term
Bipolar cells
Definition
receive information directly from the rods and cones and communicate
that information to the ganglion cells
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