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Chapters 5
The Lipids vocab
32
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2007

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Term
LIPIDS
Definition
Characterized by their insolubility in water.

Includes: triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
Term
FATS
Definition
solid at room temperature
Term
OILS
Definition
liquid at room temperature.
Term
FATTY ACID
Definition
organic acid that has an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end.
Term

SATURATED FATTY ACID

Definition

fatty acid carrying the maximum possible hydrogen atoms, e.g. stearic acid.

Term
POINT OF UNSATURATION
Definition
the double bond of a fatty acid.
Term
LINOLEIC ACID
Definition
a polyunsaturated fatty acid with two double bonds. (OMEGA-6)
Term
LINOLENIC ACID
Definition
a polyunsaturated fatty acid that has 3 double bonds. (OMEGA-3)
Term
OMEGA [NUMBER]
Definition

refers to the position of the double bond nearest the methyl end of the carbon chain.

Term
GLYCEROL
Definition

alcohol compound of a 3-carbon chain; serves as the backbone of a triglyceride.

Term
TRIGLYCERIDE
Definition
chief form of fat in the diet

major form of fat in the body

composed of a molecule of glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached
Term
OXIDATION
Definition
process of a substance combining with oxygen, producing a variety of rancid tastes and smells.
Term
ANTIOXIDANT
Definition

as a food additive, preservatives that delay or prevent rancidity of fats in foods and other damage to food caused by oxygen.

Term

HYDROGENATION

Definition

chemical process by which hydrogens are added to monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. This makes them more saturated, thus more resistant to oxidation.

Term
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID
Definition
collective term for several fatty acids that have the same chemical formula as linoleic acid but with different configurations.
Term
MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID
Definition

fatty acid that lacks 2 hydrogens and has 1 double bond between carbons.

Term
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID
Definition
fatty acid lacking 4+ hydrogens and has 2+ double bonds between carbons.
Term
PHOSPHOLIPID
Definition

a compound similar to triglycerides, but having a phosphate group and choline (or other nitrogen-containing compound) instead of a fatty acid.

Term
LECITHIN
Definition
phospholipid used as an emulsifier to combine water-soluble and fat-soluble ingredients that do not ordinarily mix, such as water and oil.
Term
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Definition
type of arterial disease characterized by accumulation of cholesterol-containing material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing heart attack and stroke.
Term
STEROL
Definition
compounds containing a four-ring carbon structure with any of a variety of side chains attached.
Term

CHOLESTEROL

Definition

sterol only found in animals. Linked with saturated fats and the health problems that they promote.

Term
MONOGLYCERIDE
Definition
molecules of glycerol with one fatty acid attached.
Term
MICELLES
Definition
tiny spherical complexes of emulsified fat that are formed by molecules of bile surrounding monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Term
CHYLOMICRONS
Definition
the class of lipoproteins that transport lipids from the intestinal cells to the rest of the body.
Term
LIPOPROTEINS
Definition
clusters of lipids associated with proteins that serve as transport vehicles for lipids in the lymph and blood.
Term

CIS-FATTY ACID

Definition

unsaturated fatty acid with hydrogen's on the same side of a double bond

Term
TRANS-FATTY ACID
Definition

unsaturated fatty acid with hydrogens on opposite sides of a double bond. occurs in partially hydrogenated foods.

Term

ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION

Definition
recycling of bile
Term
EICOSANOIDS
Definition

derivatives of 20-carbon fatty acids that help to:

- regulate blood pressure
- regulate blood clotting

Term
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Definition

tissue that can hold an unlimited amount of body fat.

Term
BLOOD LIPID PROFILE
Definition
series of blood tests used to evaluate a person's cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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