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Chapters 23-24 Terms
For Final
39
History
11th Grade
02/27/2011

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Term
Ulysses S. Grant
Definition
18th president
Term
Jay Gould
Definition
leading railroad developer, 9th richest American in history
Term
"Boss" Tweed
Definition
American politician, “boss” of Tammany Hall
Term
Thomas Nast
Definition
Editorial Cartoonist, “Father of American Cartoon”, created Santa and Uncle Sam, as well as the elephant and donkey for the political parties
Term
Horace Greeley
Definition
newspaper editor, founder of the Liberal Republican Party, “New York Tribune”
Term
Rutherford B. Hayes
Definition
19th president, oversaw reconstruction and the second industrial revolution and tried reconciling the north and south
Term
James A. Garfield
Definition
20th president who was assassinated
Term
Chester A . Arthur
Definition
American politician, 21st president, republican and lawyer, Garfields VP
Term
Charles J. Guiteau
Definition
American lawyer that assassinated Garfield
Term
Grover Cleveland
Definition
22nd and 24th president, only president to serve 2 nonconsecutive terms, democrat
Term
Benjamin Harrison
Definition
23rd president
Term
William McKinley
Definition
25th president
Term
Andrew Carnegie
Definition
industrialist, businessman, entrepreneur and philanthropist, built Carnegie Steel Company and Carnegie Hall.
Term
J.P. Morgan
Definition
Financer and banker, dominanted corporate finance and industrial consolidation. Arranged the merge of Edison General Electric and Thomos-Houston Electric.
Term
Leland Stanford
Definition
tycoon, industrialist, politician, founder of Stanford University.
Term
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Definition
entrepreneur, wealth came from shipping and railroads, one of the richest Americans in history.
Term
Thomas Edison
Definition
inventor, scientist, businessman, developed a bunch of useful items, phonograph, lightbulb etc..
Term
John D. Rockefeller
Definition
oil guy, founded Standard Oil Company and became worlds richest man.
Term
Samuel Gompers
Definition
American labor union leader, Founded AFL (American federation of labor).
Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition
philosopher, biologist, sociologist, classical liberal political theorist.
Term
Soft/Cheap money
Definition
contributions made to political parties for purposes of party building and other activities not directly related to the election of candidates.
Term
Hard/Sound money
Definition
contributions directly to a candidate and party.
Term
Gilded Age
Definition
era of rapid economic and population growth
Term
spoils system
Definition
aka patronage system, a practice where a political party after winning, gives gov’t jobs to its voters as rewards for working towards victory and incentive to keep working.
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
“corrupt bargain”- an unwritten deal that settled the dispute of the 1876 presidential election, and ended radical reconstruction.
Term
Civil Rights act of 1875
Definition
federal law proposed by Charles Sumner, and Butler, passed by congress, guaranteed that everyone was entitled the same treatment in public accommodations.
Term
Pendleton Act of 1875
Definition
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Term
Land Grant
Definition
the gift of real estate as a reward for services
Term
Vertical Integration
Definition
a style of management control, united through a common owner but each member produces a different product.
Term
Horizontal Integration
Definition
more common, “take-over”, one company merging with another.
Term
"Survival of the Fittest"
Definition
term coined by Spencer
Term
Gibson Girl
Definition
personification of the ideal feminine figure.
Term
Union Pacific Railroad
Definition
created under an act, provided the construction of railroads from the Missouri River to the Pacific as a war measure and preservation for the Union.
Term
Central Pacific Railroad
Definition
built between California and Utah, formed part of the first Transcontinental Railroad and is now apart of Union Pacific.
Term
Great Northern Railroad
Definition
slowly connected over 8,000 track miles
Term
Standard Oil Company
Definition
producing, transporting, refining and marketing company, created by Rockefeller.
Term
United States Steel
Definition
founded by J.P. morgan and gary in 1901, and then combined with Carnegies Steel company and a few others making it the first company worth a billion dollars.
Term
Gospel of Wealth
Definition
an essay written by Carnegie, describing the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class.
Term
Labor unions
Definition
organization of workers that have banded together to make a difference in their workplace.
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