Shared Flashcard Set

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Chapters 2,12,13 & 14
Comptia A+ Guide to maintaining your PC, 7th Edition
109
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
03/28/2013

Additional Computer Networking Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
administrator account
Definition
In Windows 2000/XP/Vista, an account that grants to the administrator(s) rights and permissions to all hardware and software resources, such as the right to add, delete, and change accounts and to change hardware configurations.
Term
Aero (Aero glass)
Definition
The Vista 3D user interface.
Term
backward-compatible
Definition
A technology, software, or device that works with older or legacy technologies, software, or devices.
Term
Briefcase
Definition
A system folder in Windows 9x/Me that is used to synchronize files between two computers.
Term
subdirectory
Definition
A directory or folder contained in another directory or folder.
Term
command prompt window
Definition
A Windows utility that is used to enter multiple commands to perform a variety of tasks.
Term
compressed folder
Definition
A folder with a .zip extension
Term
desktop
Definition
The initial screen that is displayed when an OS has a GUI interface loaded.
Term
device driver
Definition
A program stored on the hard drive that tells the computer how to communicate with a hardware device such as a printer or modem.
Term
distribution
Definition
Any version of Linux.
Term
dual boot
Definition
The ability to boot using either of two different OSs, such as Windows XP and Windows Vista.
Term
elevated command prompt window
Definition
A Vista command prompt window that allows commands that require administrative privileges
Term
executive services
Definition
In Windows 2000/XP/Vista, a group of components running in kernel mode that interfaces between the subsystems in user mode and the HAL.
Term
file attribute
Definition
The properties assigned to a file.
Term
file extension
Definition
A portion of the name of a file that is used to identify the file type.
Term
filename
Definition
The first part of the name assigned to a file.
Term
graphical user interface (GUI)
Definition
An interface that uses graphics as compared to a command-driven interface.
Term
HAL (hardware abstraction layer)
Definition
The low-level part of Windows 2000/XP/Vista, written specifically for each CPU technology.
Term
initialization files
Definition
data in text files, which often have an .ini or .inf file extension
Term
kernel
Definition
The portion of an OS that is responsible for interacting with the hardware.
Term
kernel mode
Definition
A Windows 2000/XP/Vista “privileged” processing mode that has access to hardware components.
Term
netbook
Definition
A low-end, inexpensive laptop with a small 9 or 10 inch screen and no optical drive that is generally used for Web browsing, email, and word processing by users on the go.
Term
system tray (notification area or systray)
Definition
An area to the right of the taskbar that holds the icons for running services; these services include the volume control and network connectivity
Term
operating system (OS)
Definition
Software that controls a computer, controls how system resources are used and provides a user interface, a way of managing hardware and software, and ways to work with files.
Term
original equipment manufacturer (OEM) license
Definition
A software license that only manufacturers or builders of personal computers can purchase to be installed only on a computer intended for sale.
Term
patch (update or service pack)
Definition
An update to software that corrects an error, adds a feature, or addresses security issues.
Term
path
Definition
A drive and list of directories pointing to a file
Term
registry
Definition
A database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration information, user preferences, and setup information.
Term
root directory
Definition
The main directory created when a hard drive or disk is first formatted.
Term
service
Definition
A program that runs in the background to support or serve Windows or an application.
Term
shell
Definition
The portion of an OS that relates to the user and to applications.
Term
standard account
Definition
The Vista user account type that can use software and hardware and make some system changes, but cannot make changes that affect the security of the system or other users
Term
taskbar
Definition
A bar normally located at the bottom of the Windows desktop, displaying information about open programs and providing quick access to others.
Term
thread
Definition
Each process that the CPU is aware of; a single task that is part of a longer task or program.
Term
User Account Control (UAC)
Definition
A Vista security feature that displays a dialog box each time a user attempts to perform an action that can be done only with administrative privileges.
Term
user mode
Definition
In Windows 2000/XP/Vista, a mode that provides an interface between an application and the OS, and only has access to hardware resources through the code running in kernel mode.
Term
virtual machine (VM)
Definition
One or more logical machines created within one physical machine.
Term
volume
Definition
A primary partition that has been assigned a drive letter and can be formatted with a file system such as NTFS.
Term
Active Directory
Definition
A Windows server directory database and service that is used in managing a domain to allow for a single point of administration for all shared resources on a network, including files, peripheral devices, databases, Web sites, users, and services.
Term
administrator account
Definition
In Windows 2000/XP/Vista, an account that grants to the administrator(s) rights and permissions to all hardware and software resources, such as the right to add, delete, and change accounts and to change hardware configurations.
Term
answer file
Definition
A text file that contains information that Windows requires in order to do an unattended installation
Term
boot loader menu
Definition
A startup menu that gives the user the choice of which operating system to load such as Windows XP or Windows Vista which are both installed on the same system, creating a dual boot.
Term
boot partition
Definition
The hard drive partition where the Windows 2000/XP/Vista OS is stored.
Term
client/server
Definition
A computer concept whereby one computer (the client) requests information from another computer (the server).
Term
drive imaging

Also called disk cloning or disk imaging.
Definition
Making an exact image of a hard drive, including partition information, boot sectors, operating system installation, and application software to replicate the hard drive on another system or recover from a hard drive crash.
Term
dual boot
Definition
The ability to boot using either of two different OSs, such as Windows XP and Windows Vista.
Term
global account
Definition
Sometimes called a domain user account, the account is used at the domain level, created by an administrator, and stored in the SAM (security accounts manager) database on a Windows domain controller.
Term
loadstate
Definition
A command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) to copy user settings and data temporarily stored on a server or removable media to a new computer.
Term
local account
Definition
A user account that applies only to the local computer and cannot be used to access resources from other computers on the network.
Term
peer-to-peer (P2P)
Definition
As applied to networking, a network of computers that are all equals, or peers. Each computer has the same amount of authority, and each can act as a server to the other computers.
Term
product activation
Definition
The process that Microsoft uses to prevent software piracy. For example, once Windows Vista is activated for a particular computer, it cannot be legally installed on another computer.
Term
scanstate
Definition
A command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) to copy user settings and data from an old computer to a server or removable media.
Term
sysprep.exe
Definition
A Windows utility that is used to remove configuration settings, such as the computer name, that uniquely identifies the PC from the Windows installation. The installation can then be used to create a drive image for cloning to multiple computers.
Term
system partition
Definition
The active partition of the hard drive containing the boot record and the specific files required to load Windows 2000/XP/Vista.
Term
unattended installation
Definition
A Windows installation that is done by storing the answers to installation questions in a text file or script that Windows calls an answer file so that the answers do not have to be typed in during the installation.
Term
User State Migration Tool (USMT)
Definition
A Windows XP/Vista utility that helps you migrate user files and preferences from one computer to another in order to help a user make a smooth transition from one computer to another.
Term
Windows Anytime Upgrade
Definition
Upgrading to a better edition of Vista without having to redo the installation.
Term
Windows Easy Transfer
Definition
A Windows tool used to transfer Windows XP/Vista user data and preferences to the Windows XP/Vista installation on another computer.
Term
Windows Vista Business
Definition
The Vista edition designed for business users and includes support for a domain, Group Policy, and Encrypted File System, and does not include consumer features such as Movie Maker.
Term
Windows Vista Enterprise
Definition
The Vista edition that expands on Windows Vista Business, adding security features such as BitLocker Encryption.
Term
Windows Vista Home Basic
Definition
The Vista edition that is designed for low-cost home systems that don’t require full security and networking features. It does not include the Aero glass interface.
Term
Windows Vista Home Premium
Definition
The Vista edition that includes more features than Windows Vista Home Basic, including the Aero user interface, DVD Maker, Media Center, SideShow, and backups.
Term
Windows Vista Starter
Definition
The Vista edition with the most limited features and intended to be used in developing nations.
Term
Windows Vista Ultimate
Definition
The Vista edition that includes every Windows Vista feature. Multiple licensing is not available.
Term
Windows XP Home Edition
Definition
The XP edition that does not include Remote Desktop, multilingual capabilities, roaming profiles, and support for high-end processors.
Term
Windows XP Media Center Edition
Definition
The XP edition is an enhanced version of XP Professional that includes support for digital entertainment hardware.
Term
Windows XP Professional
Definition
The XP edition that includes Remote Desktop, roaming profiles, multilingual capabilities and enhanced security features.
Term
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
Definition
The XP edition designed for notebooks and tablet PCs
Term
workgroup
Definition
In Windows, a logical group of computers and users in which administration, resources, and security are distributed throughout the network, without centralized management or security.
Term
distribution server
Definition
A file server holding Windows setup files used to install Windows on computers networked to the server.
Term
domain
Definition
In Windows, a logical group of networked computers, such as those on a college campus, that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security for the entire domain.
Term
Automated System Recovery (ASR)
Definition
The Windows XP process that allows you to restore an entire hard drive volume or logical drive to its state at the time the backup of the volume was made.
Term
batch file
Definition
A text file containing a series of OS commands.
Term
chkdsk
Definition
A Windows utility that searches for bad sectors on a volume and recovers data from them if possible.
Term
Complete PC Backup
Definition
A Vista utility that can make a backup of the entire volume on which Vista is installed and can also back up other volumes.
Term
Defrag (Defrag.exe)
Definition
Windows program and command to defragment a volume.
Term
dynamic disks
Definition
A way to partition one or more hard drives, in which information about the drive is stored in a database at the end of the drive.
Term
dynamic volume
Definition
A volume type used with dynamic disks by which you can create a single volume that uses space on multiple hard drives.
Term
fragmented file
Definition
A file that has been written to different portions of the disk so that it is not in contiguous clusters.
Term
mount point
Definition
A folder that is used as a shortcut to space on another volume which effectively increases the size of the folder to the size of the other volume.
Term
mounted drive
Definition
A volume that can be accessed by way of a folder on another volume so that the folder has more available space.
Term
pagefile.sys
Definition
The Windows 2000/XP/Vista swap file.
Term
restore point
Definition
A snapshot of the Windows XP/Vista system, usually made before installation of new hardware or applications.
Term
System Restore
Definition
A Windows XP/Vista utility used to restore the system to a restore point.
Term
system state data
Definition
In Windows 2000/XP, files that are necessary for a successful load of the operating system.
Term
user profile namespace
Definition
The group of folders and subfolders in the C:\Users folder that belong to a specific user account.
Term
virtual memory
Definition
A method whereby the OS uses the hard drive as though it were RAM.
Term
wildcard
Definition
A*or ? character used in a command line that represents a character or group of characters in a filename or extension.
Term
Computer Management (Compmgmt.msc)
Definition
A window that consolidates several Windows utilities called snap-ins.
Term
console
Definition
A window in which one or more Windows utility programs have been installed.
Term
Data Collector Sets
Definition
A utility within the Reliability and Performance Monitor that is used to collect your own data about a system.
Term
Event Viewer (Eventvwr.msc)
Definition
A Windows tool useful for troubleshooting problems with Windows, applications, and hardware. It displays logs of significant events such as a hardware or network failure, OS failure, OS error messages, a device or service that has failed to start, or General Protection Faults.
Term
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR)
Definition
A Windows registry key that stores information to determine which application is opened when the user double-clicks a file.
Term
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC)
Definition
A Windows registry key that contains Plug and Play information about the hardware configuration that is used by the computer at startup.
Term
HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU)
Definition
A Windows registry key that contains data about the current user. The key is built when a user logs on using data kept in the HKEY_USERS key and data kept in the Ntuser.dat file of the current user.
Term
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM)
Definition
An important Windows registry key that contains hardware, software, and security data. The key is built using data taken from the SAM hive, the Security hive, the Software hive, and the System hive and from data collected at startup about the hardware.
Term
HKEY_USERS (HKU)
Definition
A Windows registry key that contains data about all users and is taken from the Default hive.
Term
perfmon.msc
Definition
The program file for the Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor console.
Term
ReadyBoost
Definition
A Vista utility that uses a flash drive or secure digital (SD) memory card to boost hard drive performance.
Term
registry
Definition
A database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration information, user preferences, and setup information.
Term
Registry Editor (Regedit.exe)
Definition
The Windows utility used to edit the Windows registry.
Term
Reliability and Performance Monitor
Definition
A MMC snap-in (Perfmon.msc) that collects, records, and displays events, called Data Collector Sets, that can help track the performance and reliability of Windows Vista.
Term
Performance Monitor or the System Monitor
Definition
A MMC snap-in (Perfmon.msc) that collects, records, and displays events, called Data Collector Sets, that can help track the performance and reliability of Windows XP.
Term
snap-ins
Definition
A Windows utility that can be installed in a console window by Microsoft Management Console.
Term
System Configuration Utility (Msconfig.exe)
Definition
A Windows utility that can identify what processes are launched at startup and can temporarily disable a process from loading.
Term
Task Manager (Taskmgr.exe)
Definition
A Windows utility that lets you view the applications and processes running on your computer as well as information about process and memory performance, network activity, and user activity.
Term
Task Scheduler
Definition
A Windows tool that can set a task or program to launch at a future time, including at startup.
Term
Vista Upgrade Advisor
Definition
An Internet tool that can be run on a PC to determine if an XP system qualifies for Vista.
Term
Windows Experience Index
Definition
A Vista feature that gives a summary index designed to measure the overall performance of a system.
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