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chapter4
chapter4
43
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/26/2007

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Term
Organic molecules are formed by_____?
Definition
living organisms
Term
Polymers Are Built of_____?
Definition
Monomers
Term
Organic Molecules have ____ Based Core?
Definition
Carbon
Term
The Core of Ogranic molecules have a group of atoms called _____ attached to them?
Definition
Functional Groups
Term
the functional groups confer specific chemical properties on the____?
Definition
organic molecules
Term
The building materials of the body are known as _______ because they can be very large
Definition
macromolecules
Term
What are four types of macromolecules?
Definition
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Term
Large macromolecules are actually assembled from many similar small components, called ______
Definition
monomers
Term
Large _______ are actually assembled from many similar small components, called monomers
Definition
macromolecules
Term
the assembled chain of monomers is known as a ______.
Definition
polymer
Term
a polymer is known as what?
Definition
the assembled chain of monomers
Term
a covalent bond is formed by___________ from one sub-unit and a hydrogen (H) from another sub-unit
Definition
removing an hydroxyl group (OH)
Term
a covalent bond is formed by removing an hydroxyl group (OH) from one subunit and a _____ from another subunit
Definition
hydrogen (H)
Term
a ______ Bond is formed by removing an hydroxyl group (OH) from one subunit and a hydrogen (H) from another subunit
Definition
covalent
Term
a covalent bond is formed by removing an hydroxyl group (OH) from one subunit and a hydrogen (H) from another subunit

because this amounts to the removal of a molecule of water (H2O), this process of linking together two subunits to form a polymer is c
Definition
dehydration synthesis
Term
a molecule of water is added to break the covalent bond between the _____
this process is known as hydrolysis
Definition
monomers
Term
a molecule of water is added to break the ______ between the monomers
this process is known as hydrolysis
Definition
covalent bond
Term
a molecule of water is added to break the covalent bond between the monomers
this process is known as _______
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
Why is the order of the amino acids that form the polypeptide important
Definition
because the sequence of the amino acids affects how the protein folds together
Term
What determines the protein’s function
Definition
the way that a polypeptide folds to form the protein
Term
the way that a polypeptide folds to form the protein determines the_____?
Definition
protein’s function
Term
What are the four general levels to protein structure
Definition
Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary
Term
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is known as the what?
Definition
Primary structure
Term
______determines all other levels of protein structure
Definition
Primary Structure
Term
______forms because regions of the polypeptide that are non-polar are forced together
Definition
Secondary strucure
Term
_____ is the final 3-D shape of the protein
Definition
Tertiary structure
Term
______ is the spatial arrangement of proteins comprised of more than one polypeptide chain
Definition
Quaternary structure
Term
What may cause the Tertiary structure of a proteins to unfold
Definition
changes to the environment of the protein
Term
the folding process is helped by special proteins called _____proteins
Definition
chaperone
Term
_____are very long polymers that store information
Definition
Nucleic acids
Term
Nucleic acids are comprised of monomers called____?
Definition
nucleotides
Term
each nucleotide has 3 parts
Definition
a five-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
an organic nitrogen-containing base
Term
How is RNA different to DNA?
Definition
it uses uracil instead of thymine
it is comprised of just one strand
it has a ribose sugar
Term
Adenosine (A) pairs with
Definition
thymine (T)
Term
Cytosine (C) pairs with_____?
Definition
Guanine (G)
Term
the bond holding together a base pair is _____bond
Definition
hydrogen
Term
______are monomers that make up the structural framework of cells and play a critical role in energy storage
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
a carbohydrate is any molecule that contains the elements _____ in a 1:2:1 ratio
Definition
C, H, and O
Term
simple carbohydrates – made up of one or two_____?
Definition
monomers
Term
___ carbohydrates is made up of polymers
Definition
complex
Term
_______ consist of only one monomer subunit
Definition
monosaccharides
Term
_____consist of two monosaccharides
Definition
disaccharides
Term
an example of disaccharides is the _______, which is formed by joining together two ______
Definition
sugar sucrose
monosaccharides, glucose and fructose
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