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Chapter1-5
Life span
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Human development
Definition
How/why people change or don't change over time
Term
Scientific method
Definition

1. Question 

2. Hypothesis

3. Test hypo

4. Conclusion 

5. Publish findings 

Term
Nature vs. Nurture
Definition

Nature- genes your born with 

Nurture- environmental influences( food, pollution)

 

Term

Critical period 

Vs.

Sensitive period 

Definition

Critical- particular type of dev. Must occur for normal dev. Ex. limbs, thalidomide

Sensative- type of dev. Occurs easily ex. Language

 

Term
Domains of human development
Definition

Bio social- dev. That occurs in the environment(nutrition) 

Cognitive- mental process that a person uses to obtain knowledge or think. 

Psychosocial- dev. Of PETS/personality, environment, temperament, social skills

Term
Mutidirectional
Definition

Gains and losses 

 

butterfly effect- small thins cause a big things to happen 

Term
Multicontextual
Definition

SES context 

cohort- what era you grew up in 

SES- a persons place in society based on wealth.... Ect. 

Term
Multicultural
Definition

Ex. How to raise children, learning within a cultural 

vygotskys theory- monkey see monkey do. Ex. Guided participation, scaffolding 

Term
Multidisiplinary
Definition
Epigenetic theory- human dev. Environmental forces affect individuals genetics.
Term
Plasitic
Definition
Everyone can change or grow at any point in dev.
Term
Developmental theory
Definition

Statement of principles to understand how and why people change as they grow older. 

- can generate hypothesis 

ex. Taking a theory and applying it to your life

Term
Freuds theory
Definition

Psychoanalytic

-humans are motivated by sexual drives

-motivated by unconcious aggressiveness 

 

Term
Eriksons theory
Definition

Psychosocial 

 cultural diversity 

social cchange

psychological crisis 

Term
Behaviorism
Definition

Watson - study observable behavior 

classical conditioning- Pavlovvwith the dogs and food

operant conditioning- learning with consequences that follow a behavior that will either strengthen or weaken that behavior. ( neg,pos reinforcment) (punishment- neg,pos)

social learning- observational behavior. Ex: seeing father shave, modeling- showing kid how to shave 

 

Term
Cognitive theory
Definition

Piaget had the most famous 

a theory that focuses on changes of how people think over time. 

4 stages

-sensorimotor: infants 

-preoperational: 2-6 yrs

-concrete operational: 6-11yrs

-formal operational: 12-adulthood 

 

Term
Theoretical perspectives of hyperactivity and homosexuality
Definition

ADHD- nature/ nurture 

sexual orientation- nature/nurture but  mainly nature 

Term
Using the scientific method
Definition

Observation: testing hypothesis by watching in natural habitat or lab setting ( independent variable- the variable that is introduced to see what affect it has on the repentant variable. Dependent variable- the variable that may change as a result of condition. 

 

Survey: info collected from a large number of people by interviews, questionnaires. 

 

Term
Studying changes over time
Definition

Cross-sectional- compare 2 or more groups 

Longitudinal- 1 cohort 

Cross-sequential- found by Schaie, study over many years with many groups, longest 

Term
Cautions from science
Definition
Correlational- relationship between 2 variables. Does not claim cause/ effect vary from +1( most pos) to -1( most neg)
Term
Quantity and Quality
Definition

Quantitative- provides data that can be expressed with numbers.

Qualitative- research that considers qualities instead of quantities. Open ended questions are used. 

Term
Ethics
Definition

Protection of research participants

- must sign consent 

- voluntary 

- harmless

-confidential 

- deception?

- debrief 

Term
DNA
Definition
Molecule that contains the chemical instrucions for cells
Term
Chromosomes
Definition

Molecules of DNA

Consists of 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs

Term
Genes
Definition
Specific sections of a chromosome that carry instructions via four chemicals (AT,TA,GC,CG)
Term
Zygote
Definition
2 gametes(sperm and ovum) combine and produce a new individual with 23 chromosomes from each parent
Term
Genotype
Definition

An organisms genetic inheritance, or genetic potential.

unique for each organism 

Term
Phenotype
Definition
The observable characteristics of an organism. Appearance, personality, intelligence
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