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Chapter Three For Developmental Psych
chapter three
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/05/2013

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Term
what is Fetal Achohal Syndrome?
Definition
happens when mother's drink during pregnanacy and it can cause abnormalities and mental retardation in children.
Term
clone?
Definition
to make an genetic copy of an individual.
Term
fertalization?
Definition
union of sperm and ovum fuse to produce a zygote; also called conception.
Term
zygote?
Definition
one-celled oranism resulting from fertilization.
Term
dizygotic (two egged-twins)
Definition
egg division or twins conceived by the union of two different ova (eggs) or a fraternal twins
Term
monozygotic (one-egg twins)
Definition
cell divison...identical twins resulting form the division of a single zygote after fertalization.
Term
Temperament?
Definition
characteristic dispostion, or style of appraoching and reacting to situations.
Term
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)?
Definition
the chemical that carries inherited instructions for the formation and function of body cells.
Term
genetic code?
Definition
sequences of base pairs within DNA, whihc determine inherited characteristics.
Term
chromosomes?
Definition
coils of DNA that carries genes.
Term
genes?
Definition
small segments of DNA located in definite postions on particular chromosomes.
Term
human genome?
Definition
complete sequence or mapping of genes in the human body and their locations.
Term
autosomes?
Definition
the 22 pairs of chromosomes not related to sexual expression.
Term
sex chromosomes?
Definition
X and Y. Only boys have Y. XX girl. XY boy.
Term
alleles
Definition
paired genes (alike or different) that affect a trait.
Term
homozygous?
Definition
prosessing tow identical alleles for a trait.
Term
heterozygous?
Definition
possessing differing alleles for a trait.
Term
dominant inheritance?
Definition
pattern of inheritence in which. when a child recieves contradictory alleles, only the dominant one is expressed.
Term
recessive inheritance?
Definition
pattern of inheritanc ein which a child recieves identical recessive alleles, resulting in the expression of a nondominant trait.
Term
polygenic inheritance?
Definition
pattern of inheritanc ein which multoly genes affect a complex trait.
Term
multifactorial transmission?
Definition
combination of genetic and environ-mental factors to produce certain complex traits.
Term
phenotype?
Definition
observible characteristics of a perosn.
Term
genotype?
Definition
genetic makeup of a person, containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics.
Term
mutations?
Definition
perminant alteration in the sequences or order of the genes or chromosomes that may produce harmful characteristics.
Term
incomplete dominance?
Definition
partial expression of a trait.
Term
sex-linked inheritance?
Definition
pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosomes inherited from the mother are transimited differently to her mlae and female offspring. often only in males and it can be color blindness etc.
Term
down syndrome (chromosomal abnormality)
Definition
moderate to sever mentla retardation and by physical sugns such as a downward sloping skin aorund the eyes
Term
genetic counseling?
Definition
clinical service that avises couples of their probable risk of having children with hereditary defects.
Term
behavioral genetics?
Definition
quantita-tive study of relative hereditary and enviromental influences certian traits. It is a quanitative study appraoch.
Term
heritability?
Definition
statistical estimate of contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific trait within a given population.
Term
concordant?
Definition
term describing twins who share the same trait or disorder.
Term
reaction range?
Definition
potential variability, depending on enviromental conditions, in the epression of a hereditary trait.
ex. Ranges of size that a body could "biologically be."
Term
canalization?
Definition
liminatation on the variance of an expression of inherited characteristics.
some traits are strongly programmed, such as eye color.
Term
genotype-enviroment interaction?
Definition
the portion of a phenotypic variation that results from the reactions of genetically different individuals to similar enviromental conditions.
like people who gentically are allergic to flowers and those experiance them and are not.
Term
genotype-environment correlation?
Definition
tendency of certain gentic and environmental influences to reinforce one another. (covariance)
1. passive --musical parent, musical environment.
2. reactive muscial child special effort for piano in house.
3. active chose thier own activity or likes.
Term
nonshared environmental effects?
Definition
the unique environment in which each child grows up, it consists of distincive influences or influences that affect one child differently than another.
Term
schizophrenia?
Definition
mental disrode rmarked by loss of contact with reality; synmponts include hallucinations and delusions.
Term
aurism?
Definition
pervasive development disorder pf the brain, you have lack of normal social interactsion, impaired communication, etc.
Term
cephalocaudal principle?
Definition
developmetn happens in a head to tail direction, upper parts of the body develop befor ethe lower parts.
Term
proximodistal principle?
Definition
development happens from within to wiuhtout, stuff near the center of the body develops before the outer "extremities"
Term
germinal stage?
Definition
first 2 weeks of prenatal development.rapid cell division and increasing complexity. egg is planted on the uterus wall.
Term
embryonic stage?
Definition
second stag eof gestation (2 to 8 weeks) characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs.
Term
spontanoeus abortion?
Definition
natural explusion form the uterues. a miscarriage.
Term
spontanoeus abortion?
Definition
natural explusion form the uterues. a miscarriage.
Term
fetal stage?
Definition
final stage of gestation (8 weeks ot birth) increased detail of body parts and the body beocmes much bigger.
Term
ultrasound?
Definition
high frequency sound waves to detect the outline of the fetus and its movements and its health and gender.
Term
teratogenic?
Definition
can cause birht deffects. like smoking or etc.
Term
Fetal alchohal syndrome:
Definition
a combination of mentla motor and evelopmental activites.
Term
teratogenic?
Definition
can cause birht deffects. like smoking or etc.
Term
AIDS acquirred immune defieciency syndrome
Definition
undermines the immune systmes functiong
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