Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter One
Quiz One
60
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/06/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychology
Definition
the science of behavior and mental processes, a definition that reflects psychology's origins and history
Term
Interactive Dualism
Definition
The idea that mind and body were separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences.
Term
Nature-Nurture Issue
Definition
Inborn nature of the individual or the environmental influences that nurture the individual.
Term
Wilhelm Wundt
Definition

Founder of Psychology

Established first psychology research laboratory

Published psychology text in 1874

Term
Edward B. Titchener
Definition

Structuralism

used introspection

Term
Structuralism
Definition

First major school of thought

Idea that our conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental structures of sensations and feelings

Term
Introspection
Definition
Subjects view stimulus and then reconstruct their sensations and feelings immediately after viewing it
Term
William James
Definition
Functionalism
Term
Functionalism
Definition
study of the adaptive and practical functions of human behavior
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
Father of Psychoanalysis
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
the role of the unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality.
Term
John B. Watson
Definition

Behaviorism

focus on overt behavior

Term
S-R Psychology
Definition

Stimulus Response

Robots

Term
S-O-R Psychology
Definition
Stimulus Organism Response
Term
Overt Behavior
Definition
observable behaviors that could be objectively measured and verified.
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
Behavior of human of the human being
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
Humanistic Psychology
Term
Humanstic Psychology
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of self-determination, free will, and human potential.
Term
Biological Psychology
Definition
Linking biological factors to behavior
Term
Psychodynamic Perspective
Definition
emphasizes on the importance of unconscious influences, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships
Term
Positive Psychology
Definition

the study of positive emotions and psychological states

positive individual traits

Term
Cognitive Psychology
Definition
focuses on the important role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems and think
Term
Cross-Cultural Approach
Definition
The effects of culture on behavior and mental processes
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
application of principles of evolution including natural selection to explain psychological processes and phenomena.
Term
Determinism
Definition
Everything that happens has a cause and therefore can be determined (defined/calculated) 
Term
Free Will
Definition
Choice in Destiny
Term
Monist
Definition
mind or body
Term
Dualist
Definition
Mind controls body
Term
Pseudoscience
Definition
Fake or false science that makes that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence
Term
Reliabilty
Definition
The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions
Term
Validity
Definition
the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Term
population
Definition
a complete set of something-- people, nonhuman animals, objects, or events
Term
Representative sample
Definition
a selected segment that very closely parallels the larger population being studied on relevant characteristics
Term
Random assignment
Definition
the process of assigning participants to experimental conditions so that all particapnts have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions or groups in the study
Term
Random Selection
Definition
Process in which subjects are selected randomly from a larger group such that every group member has an equal chance of being included in the study
Term
Extraneous Variables
Definition

A factor or variable other than the ones being studied that, if not controlled, could affect the outcome of an experiment

 

Term
variable
Definition
a factor that can vary, or change, in ways that can be observed, measured, and verified
Term
Sample
Definition
A selected segment of the population used to represent the group that is being studied; a subset of a population
Term
convenient sample
Definition
psychology students, college students, easy to obtain groups
Term
Empirical Data
Definition

objective and measurable

 

Term
Operational Definition
Definition

Define what we are studying

 

bullying-hitting, pushing, not tag..

Term
Informed Consent
Definition
inform the particpant on the purpose of the study
Term
Debrief
Definition
obtain information at the conclusion of the study
Term
Descriptive Studies
Definition
no manipulation
Term
Case study
Definition
one person
Term
Correlational studies
Definition
percise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other
Term
Naturalistic/Survey
Definition
questionnare or interview used to investigate the opinions behaviors or characteristics of a particular group
Term
Laboratory
Definition
controlled setting
Term
Field
Definition
out in the world
Term
observations
Definition
watching 
Term
Correlation Coefficient 
Definition
a numerical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables
Term
Independent Variable
Definition

the thing you are testing

 

(happy vitamin)

Term
  1. Dependent Variable
Definition

what you are measuring

 

(happiness behaviors)

Term
Experimental Group
Definition
Happy vitamin takers
Term
Control Group
Definition
generic vitamin/ placebo pill takers
Term

Blind Studies

Single

Definition
no idea what they are doing (don't bias your study) don't tell them purpose
Term

Blind Study

Double

Definition
Participants and observers don't know about study
Term
Descriptive Statistics
Definition

mean, median, mode, bell curve

 

shows data

Term
Inferential Statistics
Definition
math, 95% confident results are valid
Supporting users have an ad free experience!