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chapter 9
Organizational Agiity
25
Management
Undergraduate 4
01/31/2014

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Term
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
Definition
The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to sequence and optimize a number of production processes.
Term
continuous process
Definition
A process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow.
Term
customer relationship management (CRM)
Definition
A multifaceted process focusing on creating two-way exchanges with customers to foster intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns.
Term
downsizing
Definition
The planned elimination of positions or jobs.
Term
economies of scope
Definition
Economies in which materials and processes employed in one product can be used to make other, related products.
Term
flexible factories
Definition
Manufacturing plants that have short production runs, are organized around products, and use decentralized scheduling.
Term
high-involvement organization
Definition
A type of organization in which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading.
Term
ISO 9001
Definition
A series of quality standards developed by a committee working under the International Organization for Standardization to improve total quality in all businesses for the benefit of producers and consumers.
Term
just-in-time (JIT)
Definition
A system that calls for subassemblies and components to be manufactured in very small lots and delivered to the next stage of the production process just as they are needed.
Term
large batch
Definition
Technologies that produce goods and services in high volume.
Term
lean manufacturing
Definition
An operation that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually striving for improvement.
Term
learning organization
Definition
An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.
Term
logistics
Definition
The movement of the right goods in the right amount to the right place at the right time.
Term
mass customization
Definition
The production of varied, individually customized products at the low cost of standardized, mass-produced products.
Term
mechanistic organization
Definition
A form of organization that seeks to maximize internal efficiency.
Term
organic structure
Definition
An organizational form that emphasizes flexibility.
Term
rightsizing
Definition
A successful effort to achieve an appropriate size at which the company performs most effectively.
Term
simultaneous engineering
Definition
A design approach in which all relevant functions cooperate jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed at producing high-quality products that meet customers’ needs.
Term
small batch
Definition
A business having fewer than 100 employees, independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field, and not characterized by many innovative practices.
Term
strategic alliance
Definition
A formal relationship created among independent organizations with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals.
Term
survivor’s syndrome
Definition
Loss of productivity and morale in employees who remain after a downsizing.
Term
technology
Definition
The systematic application of scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or service.
Term
time-based competition (TBC)
Definition
Strategies aimed at reducing the total time needed to deliver a good or service.
Term
total quality management (TQM)
Definition
An integrative approach to management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through a wide variety of tools and techniques that result in high-quality goods and services.
Term
value chain
Definition
The sequence of activities that flow from raw materials to the delivery of a good or service, with additional value created at each step.
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