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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
Important terms and concepts from Laura Berk's Infants and Children-7th ed.
10
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/17/2013

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Term
Dominant Cerebral Hemisphere
Definition
Handedness reflects the greater capacity of one side of the brain to carry out skilled motor action.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
At the rear or base of the brain, a structure that aids in balance and control of body movement.
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
A structure in the brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness.
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
Inner-brain structure, which plays a vital role in memory and in images of space that help us find our way.
Term
Amygdala
Definition
Located in the inner brain, adjacent to the hippocampus, a structure that plays a central role in processing emotional information.
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
Large bundle of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Located at the base of the brain, which plays a critical role by releasing two hormones that induce growth.
Term
Growth Hormone (GH)
Definition
A pituitary hormone that is necessary from birth on for development of almost all body tissues.
Term
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Definition
A second pituitary hormone that prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release thyroxine, which is necessary for brain
development and for GH to have its full impact on body size.
Term
Psychosocial Dwarfism
Definition
A growth disorder that appears between ages 2 and 15. Typical characteristics include decreased GH secretion, very
short stature, immature skeletal age, and serious adjustment problems.
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